SEMI- TROPIC car iro H XIA. 
JFrtm-J'royiciri fruits 
fruit, thnutill mo.lern .Him ,&■ j »"• *’ *”d *" ”» d 
it. l,»lr.,.i„ .’em. the first In h.r, ! KtflonrJ br ttnr vioinity ut tlie Slodi- 
,,fully i„ecj tin. iii.t.ire, artel he 6i.il. lomitfti", »ml lie wall of in.puntuiu to the 
THE ORANGE (OITBUS AUBANTIUKl; ITS 
ORIGIN AND HISTORY. 
BY MRS, A. W. Wl.VTOK. 
rpHE exact periud lit which the orange 
1 was introduead into timat Hr)tain is 
Moinewhst apocryphal. Thu dati*, howm nr, 
will tmt differ materially from tfio iulroduc- 
lion into Portugal in thw party part of the 
aixtrcntb century. 
To Sir Walter llnlviglt belongs the credit 
of in trod tiiving them into England, carry ini' 
thither ilia send* which were planted by 
hi* nephew, Sir Francis Carew, and from 
these reeds came the famntu tree* of fh d- 
diiigfon, in Surrey, and which (tad a his¬ 
torical notoriety in till? fifteenth and mx 
tceirth centuries. Their remoteness gives 
room for question u* to their origin; m.niie 
claiming for them an Introduction from 
Italy, other* again from Portugal Tln->. 
tress at Haddington wort? grown in open 
ground, with only winter screens to nmi.-ct Uiliona as 
tire 
growth would 
ilcnient weather, 
licstc 
l hni 
tin u 
climate, an more than n century after t|i. 
Introduction they had not attained mi. 
eighteen feet in height, the trunk only r.m 
inolics In diameter, ami the head twelv 
feet in one direction by nJim in the otiu i. 
They had been most carefully guarded l>y 
n wall on the north aide, nml in the * f -u ,, 
tcenth century aurrnundud hy an enclosim 
of glaas. Wlmtfier the confinement «•«-. 
detrimental, or owing to the seven. fio..i 
the following year limy all succumbed, (In* 
e*oet cause of whi--li destruction is mn 
known. 
There semiis, aoimrdiug to the burtuult- 
nnil w ft tors of the tntternth rent ary, many 
attempt* to acclimate then. in hoxtecairn.'il 
tnio the house few the winter, anil into ih<- 
garden* for the summer. John IVkir-M.o, 
a attaint writer on thla subject, oUcm. s; 
“By the warmth of the stove, nr such oil., r 
thing, to give them condor t in the . ol.h r 
time, but no tent 
no sufficient data for supposing the orange 
to havn been found in northern Africa, or 
Svria, or in Media, whence the Unman* 
cfaitn to have obtained their famed Madeau 
applet*, as writers of moat repute of those 
eountrin* do not refer to it The first 
authentic mention in ancient writings, suf¬ 
ficiently dislmcl to identify them, is Hn 
Arabic work, the **Avicenna,'’ wliioh de- 
annhv* the fruit* and nils obtained from 
them; also npcaks of curie neid nlitninrd 
front lomon*. In their travels in Indin, the 
Arabians found the sweet orange, known 
as lIic *(>• culled Uhma orange of tlnu r>eri*nl, 
and the hitler, knuwn as the Seville. 
Marco Paulo dnea not niontion it in hi* 
pxbnnatire account of the wonder? tif 
China, Thu* it seems probable that we 
arc indebted to the Arab* for imr poBses 
of this delicious fruit, and in their 
uinjnunchuhlc ze-al a* propngandistB uf Ms- 
homcdiiriism, they aciiUered tlmir acqui- 
xiti.ms aa widely ns their religious belief. 
Humboldt found the wild orange at Iiio 
uelleiH fruit, probn- 
lyuigcnial (Vdena, laden with « 
• "ly thu planting of some Indian rancheruui, 
“• wo cau»mt claim the orange as indigen 
uu* m this continent, The varietie* of 
soils, climate, and conditions under wlilrli 
citrus fruits have been found, have greatly 
increased their varimlea, until, in the tarty 
pul t id i In* century, there wort) enumerated 
to!) vaiieti, ‘ 
northward, i* supposed due tbo rare ticauty 
and growth of these iittrnctivo orange 
groves. From the careful study of the 
history of the orange for centuries, wo am 
f lrcotf to the oonolusion that it is largely 
what its climate and condition* make it, 
A leading English author holds that very 
high temperature, forcing a large expansion 
of fruit, rondure it coarse, enlarging the oil 
gland-, and thickening the skin; bringing as 
proof the oranges of St. Michael, in tin. 
Amm-cs, and ilia Malta. Tim former bus 
i> I Utilizing winds pit all aides, while the 
Utter bus a temperature mollified by the 
contiguous coast of Africa, with its dry, 
sultry heats. 
Sum •-w hat of difference also comes from the 
soil. St. Michaels has a rich alluvial deposit, 
while Malta was originally covered with an 
alkaline crust, to remedy winch a surface 
soil was brought horn Sicily. Frequently 
it ia required to trench the ground to re¬ 
move this under-crust, to prevent the 
orang- growing biller and Jess productive. 
St. Michael’* ...range has a thin rind, small 
nil ghinds, and the pulp very sweet, while 
the Maltese has all of the opposite quali- 
tii's. It tlmso suppositions arc correct — 
and their sources should give them some 
oreiiiuK e it is evident that there are many 
locations in Couthmi California exception¬ 
ally adapted to the grow’ll of this fruit suc- 
. ,l '< * nd 4:i " f 1,111 urariga, and in awfully, Winging it to its highest perfec¬ 
tly opinion of early writer*, the citrus It m also claimed that t he essen tial 
common stock. 
(ruita originated 
The orange in Europe is now mostly con- 
lined to the eounlrii'H lying on tin- Modi- 
.trr.li,,,,, n„|,b |, l»Mt U „»T,S|„it l , f„, 
«"=««• Thar “re •(..•.Mil,.,, of 
l . fir,t ,lv ‘’ countrm*, the region of the 
MVHt. Uttar the caM, and the plains of 
Andalusia, grow them of gTCat. *i*<. u „.j 
they constitute largely i| lt * support of the 
convents of that regum. 
f'”™ *'» »,,|.|,,Md l.. u , 
r »r 7 „ M , 
.. 
.....n. •UI.haW, V. „,r, rl |..„|,|„ ( ,i| „„„ 
Which kin- viirv i.i i.mr . ..i.l ■■ i i 
ufiicl. an> on»n>«i.i,l i„ it, bluo>...r, K 
at:**.m. Ill the south of England they mv 
■' M "* ll1 -' 1,1 h trura, and *hi Iti r. ,i i n 
«ti»w mats in winter Vb« fiiiitlbue bmn'e 
lb large burl fair. During the war* nr the 
erubsder.s, oranges Were IViund i„ Syria (1 ,„1 
they arts nut m-atly imlig. noua to ih 
belief nu 
,, -imrutled with a NLiuulmr 
plunUimuH are principally in l‘,manga 
*™ >.,« r.vnr V„, 
11 I" \x Ill, „ 
r.'(,r.i ci ,m 
i getanon I* very luaurian/, eapcuialiy lh 
I orafigo. It attains *. ..i . 7“ 
“ ibe j feet, and 
height of twenty -Ava 
-that the essential 
•dam- nt is the vicinage n[ tlm .setm-tropi- 
e.d bi n, in comp*ring oranges so grown to 
I'oittanenWJ ones. That the air i* kept i.cr- 
pelually in iitotum, and preventing tlm 
intense lm»ta which, u j» claimed, render 
the juices disagreeable. A theory, based 
on much observation and experiment, was 
advanced at the |« fr . meeting of lha .Santa 
* 5 “ rl ’'" 1 Horticultural Society by Mr. Cuf- 
i" 11 gi,! 0 'Annie. He carefully studied 
Uirt tliNcaaos of citrin. fruit* in the orchard 
with 1 rol. t 'orr,stock, ami has pursued it 
fury, ars |, v himself. M r . Coffin feds ,al- 
''"J ,1|; “ N Bin«t" is not conuoctad 
of t| ir with ihii scalo bug, b„l rather owing to a 
disws.-d 0*3i.ditiuii of the leaf, Jt exudes a 
fpiin, wind., catching the dust from tlm ,.t- 
"..^,.1',,,. . cuu.es this d-qrosit, and on trees 
growing thriftily there .. very little n| it. 
)<• b„s ilieroforc nonitnaricod invostigating 
• runts and ovey o,um of Kvr.o.m 
wtMil.n- alir.vcguinnd finds n corre»p„nding 
•p-itiguiea* of tlm ril „,, Front thia |». ul . 
au “f w “' 11 '» 'ho anil, and „ strongly 
• >.pn *cd will, the pinribilOy „f i. being a 
"*=cc| ,,| und.irdiHUnng, run) will curcdidly 
|S(1IU IIIILUkt III ihta 0 * - >. I— f|X 
v." : '-r ; y; i^,. ■ 
prot:e**ii)i 
chapter. 
Tim citrua i 
of Uis Dri-eku, 
Uiimhii*, m« »x 
Devi tic 
-•.plus, and ihe g;, 
Ihc tuala III edict of 
cd (eWiblv to ref. I 
. » attack* them. The^fre^a"^21 
r.".rr i - r?'.*' 1 ' i— <m r M 
1 . 'Jdor* Aral. 
valid 
by tin 
-e luxuriant grovVa. Tl... It'i?, 
Southern Italy ,* r„n known I tig.,. i’ 
mound tlm . hum of App®. | U H „„ 
I '*hn reports tlm trooa larger for 
ond | thgir age and the fruiUgc Ir.isvim than bo 
- ' id them in «ny orchard in the e..rm- 
tl. of us, when* irrigation ,« pr«c- 
"" “J 1 "* "ot argue from this that 
and lor nitons will answer treated 
