SEMT T/IOPH' CA1.IPOfi.Vf A. 
successful one lifts the vinos planted by the to carry th* w»r into the enemy's country, 
side of small rocks, well up on the mount- Our skilled labor and the intelligent--*! 
airi side, each culling being plaoeii there for brought to hear upon the aobjret, and the 
the Warmth and moisture held there by the j wide diffusion of intelligence ought to bring 
friendly rocks. Of course, the soil i* fine I u* to the front in thU undertaking We 
and strong, anil gives wonderful growth to arc looking with van# interest toll.* **ri.*?» 
the vine. We saw beautiful eli Mere of! -h-.wii bv Mr, Wro, of >tnr V i ti, wh I . 
muscat grapes on some of thowi vine* the --'edb-vv Also thus# interested in grape 
first year, and “inoe that lime no liner rulturo for raisins have been Imping t> 
grapcM lave bean brought in to market than | hear of the Hum . gr*p. - with their .- 
dome from these rocky hillside*, and irt dnrful c-.lnr, so highly r«c<'»nnx#ndeil last 
raised wholly without irrigation Among | M-a«on. Plant* are said to have b*-oo 
our beat grapes in this county are the Blin k grown in the experimental ground* *t 
Hamburg, Olivet, Muscat, (*«rxlo Blanco. Berkeley and should he »ent • r tl • - - - 
Malaga, t.’liasselus, Iloas of IVru, Iona and in time for planting W< Imvo had nr. I -- 
Isabella for eastern varieties. The .Sweet- lefts* as yet to encounter with our vim-v aril 
water is our earliest grape, but we want an J hope to preserve our immunity i herefrom 
improvement on it if *c con find it. The J Our vine* are trimmc-l ordinarily from l« 
Plaining Tokay is a line, showy grajie, but i to '.’4 5u- >..-i in height, but many beautiful 
is coarse and not delicate in flavor I trellises in nur home garden* remind one of 
Our experience in raising fruits without j the terraced slopes of Western vineyards, 
irrigation renders our vineyards more The uniformity of climsir and large aamge 
econoinioal, ao-i by carrying them well up j of sunshine gives us a grape of exceptional 
on the hillside* wc avoid the moisture of flavor and sweetness Southern California 
the valleys. Our experience differs from grapes are known to excel m this peculiar 
that of nur northern vineyardiats as to soils, oy over those of the northern part of the 
197 
late the ua# of ai 
dried in a continuously dry atm 
dampness xs of the night *dews[ 
make ft l*o a higher grade of raisin. After 
tlie grepea have been turned, and -when 
Riiffirmnlly curvd, they are slipped from the 
trsy* into larger bores, every twenty-Ilya 
pound* of frui' being Mpsrtted by a sheet 
of thick paper, snd are left in ibe. atnv* 
rtom fur a fortnight- These are called 
»weat-ho*ea, and the protMM of sweating is 
for the purpose of equalising the moisture, 
at the end of a fortnight It being found 
that a medium ia established between the 
rery m 
□ist and i 
ilao between the rah 
:-rtn«r being now am 
i»t.*ad of brittle. F 
he raisin* are boxed 
f iron packing frmm 
•ottMB. A handaon 
ud m llte 
and the sterna, tl 
nd the Utter tu<g 
t thi sweating hi 
market by met 
having a saparab 
the packing frani 
Th. 
Mr. Blowers testifies a? U> success with vine¬ 
yards on rich, sandy loam, well under 
drained, “but using irrigation and frequent 
culture.” Our vineyards on such sods do 
better grill ted to Eastern varieties, as the 
Iona and Isabelln, which are remarkably 
free from mildew, even on the richest hot 
torn binds There are many thousand acres 
ol hillside land just adapted to vineyards, 
State. 
We haie been groping oar nay for tan 
years past through a labyrinth of difficult tea, 
learning with mother books nor precedent* 
suited to our wants, and with batter power 
to sec our own veiled future. We could 
only work ami wait while the language if 
the land translates itself for us, ami now we 
reached the alphabet of Horticulture 
™ po»".l" 
owwl firmly doe 
r ind, the whole slipped into 
ox proper, and the vide* and e 
on frame withdrawn. The hot* 
; befnr* it ia rem. 
th# box; any hoi 
the top layer are 
<w-.gl« berries, th< 
the bu* cover nai 
dow 
ved, I 
»d I 
i vet looking the city and with a southeast I iu Southern C’alifurriis, her day if glory 
exposure, which will one day be utilised in and gladness lies just before her I.cl her 
this direction, Tire soil ia varied but all people be worthy of their holy trust- 
Muitnble, some limestone rook of a soft — 
friable nature lies scattered over a portion ! PRACTICAL RAISIR MAKING 
of it, the ground strong and moist from the * - 
underlying subsoil; on home of these eleva- 1 In California, artificial heat is commonly 
lions unbroken lands allow moisture i« | rt .*, rt ed to, and is undoubtedly a ‘ alttabb 
.September, two or three inches from the ... , , ,, , , , 
Jhc. or .M make . “ *ww«l ** 
healthful growth in such locations, and cx ' 1 t,c business i- otic, however, tilted above 
eelleut raisins lire made from them. This 1 all others for the small farmer*, Wing, »* It 
interest is in its infancy here, but several, j s> „f eyeful detail, and it *«-em» pr-h 
Iioxes shown at our Horticultural Fair in ,iiat the Calif -r.iia raism- are d, .tm-l 
Oetobci showed line possibilities m that , tl bo supplied fro.,, the moderate v.-cd 
direction. It has been aupposed that the | ,,|*„uium* and homestead*. T > such 
range of the thermometer was not high ' farmer*, th- sun cur*' >•> nut only leas ex 
enough her# for satisfactory raisin making. | (ienil i ve but much more »aii*factory. Tin- 
but “nothing aueeecd* like We l c „, t om here w to pick th# fruit, when auff. 
mu rapidly overcoming our reverence fm | ty rt | MilM | and this p-mt i* ... iu. , 
fossdixed maxim laid down by uupro - p.iriant orus-—-on tray* of light wood, made ' 
grossivc aborigines, and are b‘»nong our twi) f r ,.t by three feet in si.-t*, and 
possibilities in many directions. The frar; holding *oui« twenty pounds of grape* 
or overdoing I he grape interest in S-nnhem , t,. nt , ar « >. taken'iu handling, both I" 
t'ttlif'irnift is on., of our exploded theories ; t | lP hU n . and to keep the I 
Il Is estimated that the increase uf nur pop ! [ |lUcti HS „ bn<Uer. off the stem dm 
Illation in the I nited Sut«* i» 1 at' (fltf Us-om,-. valueless, drying away 
annualiy, and the omiauinption of fruits and »., r ihb «* akin an.I xeeda. l lw drni.g 
r«i-.im, e.pectally will im .ri.se III greater t r(l> oxpo-eri to the mu, at an im-lma 
ratio, 1'lif raisin pr. ibu-iug arcs i* rmt | ,( . u ,.«sihlc on a high bill *l»pe. with a 
h huge uitr, qvuii on the I'aoifio Coasi t . U py Ct< p lW ibTy I . twvvn the vine 
which aeotion it must bo delegated »n this | ruvl# ,,i' U, v . vineyard. When half dried, 
continent. A* long a* our importation ex i ttl4 , KM . W » are turned over that i.» to aay 
r»‘ed» 12,000,000lbs, wo need have little „„ PM1 .,i v tr* v ,, placed on top of the full 
fear. Added to this nr the import of dried , ine< , n .'| i',„ v pn kly turned oi*r, 
aurianta, nearly ‘10,000,000 lb*. Cl will re mg th# gr,i|H », wiih th# under aide up, 
quire many time# our present area of vine m t |, fl liew tray. Those tray* ought prop 
yard to supply our own country, and then „ r | v tl , b A v« c'.rcra fi r lie- (light turn-, that 
wo may be prepared by careful experience J ,,r,^ k. might not b# cunleJ a. v.. 
what haa bevorne 
Had with larga handanwe 
paper ra fuhled over, and 
sd on. If the raisin* are 
I, ur if the pnawaa is to 
be hastened, the trays, after being turned 
as described above, are placed in wagons 
and taken to a drying ren-m where they ran 
be exposed to strung current* ct hotair, 
c-ntinual draft# being obtains*I, in *omo 
t-area, by tl*# na# of a fan. Tbs imW 
process take* only on#-third of the time 
required to dry MMneaiwd grape# mat of 
itnore, ami th# cost of tire necessary appli 
aoesa vanes vary greatly, o«# mitfir, includ¬ 
ing the drying- room* and a parking house, 
costing WV**>, which was co«Mad«re*l very 
rn-'dcrat#. It may also b# stated that three 
■ hi mils uf rip* grapes maka ..at# pound of 
rawing Rtoiftt dried atowly wllbio -kairs, 
with itu sun #xposure at all, ur not «off* 
cimtly cured, have a finer bloom, or rather, 
hr. -na# color, and a more delicate flavor, 
b»l lliey do not keep well, and would not 
do for tranaportaikm to cold and niuist 
climates. 
Th# fault# of our dvmastic raisin* are of 
a threefold nature. In the first plan# they 
. are uot #»enly cured, aooie being dr real ta* 
- much and sour# not enough- This is to be 
I obviated, nut k> much by th* awaat-box, a# 
; by going over ami carefully sorting ttrein 
ami by grading 
i pax. 
led. Iu 
appaarano# sutler 
live fact that the dr 
seed frvtu the ebilt 
the raisins are to* 
pruning, which is 
live bit* 
7 mg ffrepaa a«*l «*«• 
and ruotatoi#. Thirdly. 
- small - a fault *>f th*" 
not ct*## enough, if 
Jiuutd have a fingr Irerry, but a vio* which 
beam fifty pound* >■( fruit rennot attpgi « 
F. Call. 
