Srm-TROPIC c. I UFO TINT A. 
ECONOMY IN IRRIGATION, 
I nti) within n few rears, economy 
Osine water was not much thought of 
00 
00 
oerufld, is, hero to keep the soil mu^rateli/ Interest on first cost one year nt 10 
... moist If the water is applied under the pOr cent.. $5. 
, ,1 uoit of .n Mtrfuce, frequently and in smnllquantities,| 24.000 gallons water (nt high price), 1, 
Tf n condition of imiform or moderate moist- Labor (simply turning on and off 
thought necessary to flood the Inti.i was . J(W tioM the great earing in - 
secured the orchard ist was happy, w * f x eouie Rva | emo f under-surface ap- i Total for the season. $ 7.00 
ffflfIns I ft mi arm »»* i**' sumit - ' * I 
The inevitable result i» plainly to be 
seen in our old orchards—in tne unhealthy. 
dying, aud dead tree*— trees which have 
Ivon dr' ■/,•',/ Mure ipccully le* ,; watot 
has been used, and applied only near the 
tree, in basins, with better remit*. 
Still later another step has b< en taken, 
which promises such occiniony in the use 
of water (and labor too), that many of 
our thinking, intelligent orcbanlists esti¬ 
mate the area of loud which may he Mt/li- 
ii rig.ited without increasingour water sup¬ 
ply at h*o Hinrs that now irrigated. 
Examine the ground in any orchard in 
the summer, and you will always lind the 
driest soil close hi and under the trees. 
Clearly, then, this is the proper place to 
apply water in irrigating; for often the 
sol 1 b’iwrcii the rout h is moist enough dur¬ 
ing the entire dry Mason, allbuugh the 
trees may suffer. To water this moist soil 
would only be a waatc of water and an in¬ 
jury to the land. 
The old rule was to flood thf entire sur¬ 
face of the laud an inch (or more) deep nt 
each iiligation— say six or more times n 
year. To do this requires at least 117,000 
gallons of water at each irrigation. W It 
Olden Hays, in the Si mi Tunnc for duly, 
Unit 25,0110 gallons will irrigate nil acre. 
This gives, at one hundred trees per acre 
i aim tit (In average), 2o0 gallons per tree 
at each irrigation 
The sub-inigatioiunl* hold that it is 
wrong to apply water uti the surface of the 
ground in summer, where all the climatic 
conditions rebel against it; nut only be¬ 
muse o| the great hiss of water by evapor¬ 
ation, but also of Hu- injury to both soil 
mid tree by the unavoidable Miccesmon of 
cstrainer- -ttronlh before irrigation, and 
c-o'i-’uv moisture after, 
i.’ tills theory i« Collect, lin n the 
lice of surface irrigation is not 
cal The loss of water from 
aud fields by direct contact «. 
rays is enormous. 
Ld ns set if lu re is not tliu 
ply our economy—earn water 
and trees n, 
tree, where 
%urfact, 
it has boon proven that 2 , 0(10 gallon* 
pi r acre, or 2 <t gallon* per list, applied 1 
x*?t — | -,iii«i™.,u„i. 
-irngalio" as tl,. ‘M gallons par oust of irrigation 
lr.;t once a month bv t rfnr, lTTI ., ‘ * • 
" e *>uve "* one cast iflO gallons ,, C r 
T w month, nml in tbn other 4U galloijs 
Ufcej.tr moil t)i, thus mcreawngour ur« 
land which may be irrigated with the pres- 
u I J Pv ,,f water, nU nii/l on,: fourth 
S*K Dunn, Cal. 
1 be ground having reccivod| t lie] same 
' pel run OI irrigation, providing it " """"" receive, || lie ] ime 
niioii coat too lniu-li to apply it, borough cultivution requir'd in winter as 
r 1,4,1 1,1 tbo done Knui-Taoi-ic tlm cost of snr "/ '‘rigiitioh, being left at tlio tod 
ns pm fat., irrigation ia put at $ 10,111 om H , * 01 Ml " /»•«>' *♦«»'*'« loose, thoroughly pul- 
oen | the season, including summer cultivation' f' T !i ll '“* ‘ b'ur of weedy, needs no 
tut 
htn 
or $ 11 . 2 li without cuTliviition, further attention than tin cutting with a 
Ed ns -co wlml it costs to siileirrum* "" “ f “ W cl| y*weather weeds which 
h- may stint, tl,, loose top soil acting as a 
Hit. I..I. L., n . . 
poult to ... '.til */. I..* ,. ;.... . ' I ! ! u ' M,,) fret of tone with nnlUi. -u . •’ 
uevent the evaporation of moist 
iur 
ion is con -1 hud complete, $ 50 , 
pipe with outlets ail V "i" , . ,V,noutl1 J *>" the coining f:* 
1 , rtl,,K . being good layers, lumly, und larg" 
for market. J 
