lions, that space excludes from tin* article, 
it may not v-era inappropriate to make 
suggestion® and dtdB«tion« from ot> serra¬ 
tions and experiments touching upon un¬ 
natural practices, that have already re¬ 
sulted in disease anil death to niiuost 
countless numbers of the older orange 
trees of this county, and that mast prove 
equally prophetic of th- future to the 
young groves now «o promising through¬ 
out this fair land, if persisted in. 
The subjects of irrigation and non-irriga¬ 
tion, the plowing away of all the aerial or 
-urfacc roots that ran be reached by «*tn» 
efforts with the plow, or even ordinarily, 
• •an not well be too fully discarded. That 
ue 3re unable to discover the protetw* by 
which these surface roots perform all of 
their functions while imbedded In what 
w« choose to term dry soil, must not be 
taken as evidence that they arc Uvili s* ap¬ 
pendages, and hence most l>e rulhl*~«ly 
torn away. If a pound of the driest soil, 
about the roots of an orange or any other 
tree, be taken before sunrise, mid 
weighed by sensitive balance*, and then 
exposed to 2l'i : Fahr. in a common stove 
oven for an hour, then reweighed as care¬ 
fully, the loss in weight will greatly sur¬ 
prise the most skeptical experimenter, the 
difference between the tw o weights express¬ 
ing approximately the amount of water con¬ 
tained in the sample. Hence it may safely 
lx- a-x-rted that the driest noil® of our 
mesas west of the coast range, tbruuL'bout 
the orange !<elt of our counties, will bc- 
fonud moist to an appreciable degree dur¬ 
ing the entire peri-sl of our dry Hawn. 
Hence again, in new of certain facts 
quite recently established by carefully con¬ 
ducted experiment*, p< ruining directly to 
this important subject of irrigation, parti- 
eulnrly, are the new content, engaged in 
the citrus culture, justified in following in 
the wake of the pioneers, those, men, 
whom the public deign to honoras author¬ 
ities. without credential* ? L-iuiruUtiou* 
cmno up from those old orchards, and 
serion* doubt® arc freely expressed, in dis¬ 
cussing their present outlook for long life 
and profitable returns. Accepting thc%.- 
as admonition* from our peers on thi* trial, 
does the introduction of whcib.viue inno-j 
vations, suggested by repeatdl e\j«-n 
mi nts and close observation, ».* well a* 
a up ported by nil of tile kmiwu law- gov¬ 
erning plant life, render our protqwcta, 
two decades hence, more hupeh-v than 
the pr> « ot treatment of the orange grove- 
ha* demonstrated during the past two de¬ 
cades? Dwt-a** hM already overtakan 
these grove* in their youth, and why pur¬ 
sue the >ame course- that fori shadows din-! 
aster and invriublc rum? If the **e of 
the orange trie is cstiuiaud by • - nturns, 
•»bat encouragement is presented by Iiojm- 
Icsaly diaeom-d tree* nt twenty or twenty 
lit® years of ig© f 
It i* in i i«-w of the slwrstail many other 
considerations, that we hositnti to accept 
without questioning the pr<-—ot artificial 
and vi enongly unnatural methods in vogue 
uf treating tin- oraogt tu-. i, e»p«« ally in' 
Southern (California. Aa a result of this 
growing antagoaiaui and investigation, 
SEMI-TROPIC CA UF*WXTA. 
] ' ; 
already may lei oWrvc-1 « far greater de¬ 
gree of caution exercise*] in the use of 
| water for irrigating purposes, iibIms ren¬ 
dered i*ecc«arr by clay, cement, or other 
impervious sub-strata, int*r|»»ing an in¬ 
surmountable barrier to capillary action, 
than formerly. In this locality, the result* 
•re most gratifying. The average growth 
of our non-irrigalc-1 trvx-i (and there are 
several grovis this year) far surpasses 
most of those irrigated lint one*, and sur¬ 
prisingly so, those receiving even Ui« 
modified treatment of two or three cold 
dreuche®. Demonstrable fact* should be 
preferred to theories, and whatever course 
pursued tool tain such data as facts afford 
will challenge attention, and should the 
I uv-ent investigation uf the use* of wnt* i 
or irrigating purpose® as heretofore prac¬ 
ticed show that unwarranted abuses exist, 
and greatly to the detriment of horticul¬ 
tural and other interest* throughout this 
region of tbo country, I believe not only 
n thorough investigation i* demanded, but 
also practices adopted tending to correct 
such abuses. Such, in my opinion, the 
public are ready to accept, a® soon as their 
more critical attention is called to this 
great question. We may expert opposi¬ 
tion, but I believe only from land and 
water monopolies conjoined, whose inter¬ 
ests may lead them to disregard the w hole- 
some law* of nature, in carrying forward 
their schemes. Again, upon the other 
hand, peculiarly situated arid lands can 
not be presumed, without trial, respond 
remuneratively to the mode of procedure 
above briefly indicated. The last sugges¬ 
tion is intendi-d to apply more particularly 
to the country east of "the coast range of 
mountains. 
Working with tho laws uf nature 
around us, instead of against them, should 
be the daily and constant study of the hor¬ 
ticulturist. Subverting tho natural order 
of things will not conduce toaueci >•-; tins 
we all admit; but flu? question is. What <* 
the ’‘natural order of things?" To an¬ 
swer tliiv properly, a cnDaidunitinn of the 
capabilities uf tho soil to withstand drouth, 
wi.ruId lie oil® important, factor. Mean and 
maximum temperature*, inntinium raiu- 
fall during n series cd jnint, liOniii'ili 
of atmosphere, •/•v-p plowing at tirat, and 
the ri.fu •-nlmeiii •• of mad* from the tirat 
also, together with a mode of nurfira culti¬ 
vation aiming the tree* that will not disturb 
their root* m»r ]* rimt 1 lie surface to hecunre 
hard and unyielding, alway- to be kept in 
a finely pulverised state, oi-iMituU the 
principal point* for ll»o thoughtful prrann 
to nmmili-r, in an attempt to work under 
a natural order id thing- Wi must | .l. 
it for granted, when ot-,orvinff the natural 
vegataLinu around us, that th*r«- i-xwts a 
certain undi ratanding — a hamiony— b> 
Iwi i-n the cloud*, our »ul<(> ream m rrssi- 
roiis, capillary attraction, so called, ami 
the soils, an adjuatment of funner antago¬ 
nism, if any. must have been establish* 1, 
anil exphricueuta already Sooelnsively at¬ 
test the fact, that ad* grew of confidence 
• on i>» plui r>l in their uniri I ability to iu- 
Mirn »«icc. *n Hist Ium hitherto been aluu-i 
entuv-Ij iguorad. 
IS YT 
149 
The tree or plant, therefore, e».*«go*d 
to their joint care ami protection, supple¬ 
mented, may tie, under certain rireua- 
aUncee with * little waUr. a* an auxiliary 
properly applied, affords, apparently, a 
more mUtafn.tory awtnBH of * profitable 
existence, health, and long life, than by 
following out tha logic of events, a* rewnita 
show by th* old method®, 
Piupx-vi, Oct. 1, 1VW. 
SMALL CREAM CHEESES 
A aheejr-fanner's wife may make aui® 
delicious cream cheeses in the following 
manner; 
Procure some mold® mad* of l dock* of 
maple or beech six inches long, three 
inches wid® and three inchew deep, inm-ie 
measurement. I have male llnw of a 
piece of plank, which enn easily be pro¬ 
cured of any wagonmaker or country sac- 
mill. The plank ia three inch*® thick, and 
two inches lunger and wider than the in- 
-ide of the mold, the mold w easily l*>rvd 
and chiseled oul. One is enough if the 
cb«-re*e in f..r home use, a* this i* to be 
eateu freah, and will not keep. Mat* of 
common green rushes are aewvd together 
to fit into the mold. Sweet er< am »* tiock 
as can lie procured is the material of which 
the cheese i* made The mold i* laid nj*>n 
a di*h; a ruaL mat is placed at the botu tn 
of the mold: this is enured with a piece 
uf fine muslin rinsed in brine. The cream 
is pat into the mold and a jriee* td mu*lm 
dippcil in brine i* laid ure.ii il; th*u a ru*b 
mat is laid U|>on the cloth, and a small 
block is laid upon the mot. This ia pres¬ 
sure enough. The dish and all are *et 
away in a eool place for two or tLree .lay * 
when it will have broom® compact, aligbth 
acid, and of a cheesy An of. I t i* then ready 
fat use, aud is eaten aa a relish for dcaoert 
or lunch. 
Wlii'ii a last# ha* been acquire.! for this 
kind of chc« *e they ar* cwa*idi>r*d a deli¬ 
cacy I have not seen them for sale in a 
fresh condition in this country. even in the 
New York market*, but have «vu them in 
the Iain duo and Pan* and other French 
rnsrkit*. where they are very popular. I 
have fiwuuantly ma*l® thnn for my own 
us*’, and ua»* them at abort interval® con¬ 
tinually, *nd can r-ommsiul them t*» *v*rr 
family when tb* cream can l>* prauamt. 
No salt is u*®*l m making them, that l* 
eatra with tbuu as mar l-c .fteaued They 
will not kc«p, and in tliat re*pcvl are •*! a 
-null*! character t" the unwashed, frewli, 
ami unawltvd batter, which i« **• highly 
uktuuuteil by many jwrsona - II S. »■ 
('--uni'ry (itmtlruotn. 
Tasaa •» wore srlintj in HMain*t>*k 
lisit-u than \a any other on tbi* c->*-t 
outside ••( Swn 1 ranemv. Fn«u u«* to 
four rawd sLqw are ooustanllv uni »-hng 
or taking on cargo llwn, and the whole 
iuaid*- bariwr prereiit® a w»ne cd bu*U* 
and activity «u> li as is not ®eeu ouUide of 
the great rairomervud harU.rs of the woiM 
Nut I*-* than one th •wand men are eu 
gaged, directly or indirectly, in the ®hi| 
i-ing and in moving 'wrgo in and ont of 
the harbor. L * .1 , • / '|- ^*a- 
