152 
SEMI - TROPIC CA UFOJfXIA. 
©itimltiii'D. 
WINEMAKING. 
By J. J3i millkr. 
The science of wine-malting and trent- 
•nt’tit is now cniutidered 'in important in 
Hi* first e^e. ..f ferment.,lion it should would hnv« sM t*red „ lf , 
l.e ilriuvn in clean casks, which must be n -ull a full „„ I rK , r , 1 , •!„ !, 
free from all mold or arid Ordinarily. ,f fore'recommend, rfrst, suck, nn, 
well srmke.l ami wahIio, will, clean, fresh uing opt . xtm slm,^ •, |. ,* 
wafer, ami (lrmncil until nearly dry, when atm inn f r0 i„ 
n oil...II « t .... • t "i * . ■ . .. 
.. i.iitii ueany urv, wiicri attains from i-.,-),,. t„ flf-.,, 
a small piecn of miljihur is burned in the p.-nlly . .. i*j w„i 
f'llwl if 1 _ rii.ul, i.. till UI ...1 lii i ~ ' 
or thi 
growl 
me 
Cham 
ask, it is ready to fill. Should the rusk ^ .... , 1% , 0| 
be jiuy way sour or moldy, great core must ping, when il„ 
I m 4.. I-.. •. ... lii f *i a . ||| 
• uuw M'li.iuit'iuu tn uiijiMi i.tin in- •»> .-"in ui iiiiMiiy, vrr rf,| ii faro rniint 
dually in ottr Slat, ami 1 will, at tile f he taken hi nine it before if can be used 
request of AOTnO friendsay a few word*. The best remeily 1 know is to use un- 
ul.out it, The loom for wine-making, -billed lime an 1 ii a tor. Iiitne will coticcn- 
pressing, am] fermenting ►lionl.l lu oe. "id *mtf all acid and destroy all fungus. If '■ Mil n|. ,/ , | 
ing to want, comfortably large, dry, light, jnny particle of lime adliVrea lo the cask will hi) found utr' "! , 
dry. and warm. It i*ab-obitelyneces-ur} after washing, it will never cause any in-1 ntinn on*. m . r i j 
to nave all vessels ami ill, ro.ib- In lure and iut v to the wine. Everv u ii.«.-....,L-^c.r,,..i,i . i. ..... 
Fontainebleau 
new shoots all 
. n>t)tte», licing careful to e 
as possible, one bud |>i ing su 
atoii cinr- from running, 
all nhoota do not 
to have all vessels aud nlCTniil*, before ami 
after using, in the cleane-f ami neatest 
condition. It is just here where a great 
many of our m \v and inexperienced wine¬ 
makers are at fault. 
A very important point is that the first 
fermentation be thorough. In order to 
accomplish this, it is necessary to assort 
grapes more cir less, as nm 6 |, ,‘, s p t ,s,il.l.v; 
that is, to separate all bad material, such 
as unripe, rotten, cite., before going to the 
prose. 
To insure a thorough fermentation, an 
even, warm temperature in the room or 
shed used is required. Cold night nil: 
often checks the working, especially m to,, 
large vessels. Vessels holding 180 g.d- 
lons or less are large enough for this pur¬ 
pose. 
California wines have, in my own expe¬ 
rience. h. on often refused in tlm Eastern 
markets, because they contain, as those 
people claim, a ground taste. Thi iti, 
however, a mistake, to a great extent, 
iliis groUud taste (a- Eastern wine men 
call it) is a bad taste, nevertln-hiSK, and is 
most always caused by mold .'tin tract. d 
on and in vessel* that come m coubiet with 
wiiie or the juice of the grape. Bad treat¬ 
ment, or sour and moldy VcsUbIh, will 
very often deteriorate the juice to such an 
men 
I the 
tie 
In. 
F. It 
. .* v uoiv uni in* .until ■•Ilf.* WcCS 
juty to the wine. Every w ine maker should shoot.- will hav* - 
have, and cm, not get along well with- length to I.. 
mil a small toiler of some kind to steam Tina last up/iali,.,, I. j,,.. ... rf 
empty casks tl.nl are not ,n the very beat more pruning should b. 
oidei. I j,resume the proeeMS )s known to summer. . . ,-.,t in , of unusu 
»ll. ( a,ka should be placed on skids tu j The above ie,..,.i 
d. 
the 
I*th. 
was 
Jived bv 
.-teclliuit one, and 
m< ding. 
LeWelling added, as an additu 
g-uanl in topping: “To rut off the I 
J vet* n IVJ > I 7 I 
an exact level position, so ns to till up t 
the bung Bung-holes must be exactly 
roll nil, with well-titling bungs firmly in¬ 
serted so ns to exclude all air. The cask gunm . 0 nn,„ g: •• ,. ut ofr 
must hefts full iiBpoHHihle Without running i five leaves from th. ln-t Uim-h 
Orel Winn in the new slate (the first less." This followed th. i, H „.,'d' 
ycai) wunts tilling at least, once a week, ’ 
mid the bungs washed aud well dried be- 
fore replacing. 
The first and second year it should bn 
drawn (racked) off in January. May. and 
September, and again the m-xt January. 
Caro must be taken not to gel uny of the 
sediment, in with I ho clear wine. By tin- *•' 1,11 uio-e who 
foregoing J mil trying to show that cleanli - fl '* vvint. i, to t. ,-p in 
Dess is a pi-iricipal point, in wiue-making, f u* biiccc-s, and o. . .. 
but it mUHt be tlmroindi | essentials accoiding tu 
<afe- 
of cutting too much. 
KEEPING GRAPES 
\\ e hope many of our read, 
derfako the kuepirig of m - 
iiRo, and report to us their sue. 
It is well for those who ai<' |v*cl 
1 th. 
I un- 
i titer 
ing 
Standing first us iudispens-ibi--, rfi. 
extent as to be only tit for distilling 
poses, to (he great lor- of the producer, 
who could, with more eoje, lmve |,ild a 
good article of wn.e, and at the same, tunc 
help the industry, and not ,mu,< the mini* 
tation of our wines, as «. || iti uwu 
interest A great deal of wine made in 
tills State, of ottr ib lieioiis ginp. s, |,„ , b.-e,, 
slujipe.l to our prinuipul markets that was 
lird /. I I fill 
SUMMER PRUNING OF GRAPES. 
At the. Inst meeting of the St. Helena 
\ iuiunlhiral Afiftociatioij, tho Coniujittcc 1 1 "! , 
on Summer Pruning ami Suck. iing re 1 ° import,m-.-. 
-• ■ ' >• — • - * Is etccllent. btcauiw, la 
due tor of he.it, it lire sen 
( should be w. U grown‘and wi ll np 
I lie next requisite and indi-] . 
to place the fruit m a r 
mateimis iu which "i.u 
.. ill... OUCHI'llllg rv 
ported as follows; We have made a ear. 
dry room 
Aio pack' 
Baked 
fruit. 
sited. 
18 
Th# 
ful investigation of a number of viuoyar.ls | l'"'- ru- a ..ml. 
where no top HUckc-riug lmd been dune , P' ralure. anil nb-. rlung n.-.iv,,. . 
and found tlm ahuatK or emus gruwi. In , L ' ruit ' tl T- Soft. »irn«. .di..|.| . 
gother ui o thick, tangled manner >v .|i, ,"“^1 u l » i:m>d mat. nal i . p .,-i. 
L 
and found the uluiata or cam a gro wn to- ! 
gother in U thick, tangled manner, with i 0g ' matrnal ' . 
the grapes in almost inextricable confu- f 1 "' 1 ’? ‘ fu "‘ 1 r 
sion; the canes lung, spindling, and affard- " 1 " ( i| ' f '* • U • 
ing but pour and imlitb'i. nl spins for the 
ui it yeai crop. 
IJa.l tlm shoots been thinimil out .it tin 
<vl alt .Ut h 
in. .m l is 
Cot- 
K.ieh bun. h slu.uld b«' I'. 
1 all imperfect or bnn», I, 
r< ruined, mol the l.ui.e 
■1. 
'ftlr 
Uldb 
mid 
* 1 . 
u , ,,.. ' in.n ii.-eo Lliid the shoots been t|,ii.l|i-ll out ut the ." ■ n".l lie l.uix In s 
nnt tit fordnnl'' Tberi ‘ t,a ' 1 WUM ' the reimiiuing onca would lifti, u "'! 1 lbt - v 1 •» '1*""': '* • 
“ uw i,, VhmiVr.mt VV ■' T"" !'*[«•*•■• -um. p.of. l ,l,M‘ ,,1 ~ 
pii.perlv httinll.d. ’ " « <Jlhl ,f ,l '" 'V"ig;»,t tullynHgre.it If nut greater, 
properly blind I rtl. 
1 claim that all giaj , . 
in oui State, to my knuwb d 
u good mnrket/ihb' wiim III 
. | and th. vIik h in a imieli buttor ountllt ioii j 
( M, ( "" unlimited for next yrnir'a fruiting. 
Will make | We also i5l»fl«idaruil Ihi- mill ter of sum 
SALAD DRESSING 
I uke n biblespuonful of mils 
spoon of -eill, and same quaiili 
flic yolks of two eggs la.iln 
thesi, logetber "I. ft pinto W.»h 
| "« , 11 iiicorpoukil, iUn\ 
kotable dry win. I iV, ’i'..’ .. . ""’ v " ri " rtl ' 0,,t >'|»; th'U. ns tbiv bccom. M* 1 ">l- lbs I 
lhiueei„,'b.no qu. '.J, |, , lt B,J /orer: ' f'llV W' '"'"""f V"' ,hev I !'' u, "‘ 
' 1 ' ^'*1 *‘>H ll?Jj ' lull III I In- irt*Altlli«l ni.fl I. ml ..1. 1. lid. (,y l', i- I tl-lf. i 
I'locidon. Ki'11ji* Iilif' a 
ptr, 
rub 
till 
varieties u'rc'hrltm Xu JI"" IZ^ .T ' *»* 
aion vim- will or...I..... , ii . ' fl"tn clom- invest igaliun, Hint when vims 
HiiiJlIu 1 r rll,,, ‘ allowed to run without short* ni„g in, 
kotable dry win*., Fur IIm ht'lier'i I''' ' *" | rtl,0 , T, N " , ‘ i ""‘ U * li * l, V Wl,n,r 
llln.e can lj« no , |,„ f , ,J &‘ii f'tlV ” T ,0 » » he ' 
grapaa, to a l.trc. \ -.t, . ulliiutcd .. . i " g'..uml and tiail along, in wina 
this StAte, such as itmilim- | J'"' "’"’"F 1 * "'hm v.m ,„.t inf... f"*' ' «-•*- »*kc .» de !. I 
fiiiulel. etc, are fnr Ji,.... ... H i o I""*J dlst.uic" of from lift,. n , u I ■*U>« *s *b, n -I) II..-.; ..-td u„. #r ...g|, 
been aui.i that on, wit,, t .imi.i , 1! m'"" ' [^Amvnng sleek, where J *•* •» " f .-I . •- h 
Age. This h very ln„. but ue Z, I ,,n •*»'- I.V packed, ex ■'*"» N "'' •'* «'•*• n bill., lit. II" 
.xpuoUhe produce, ... Iml.l hie . J- ^ V.‘ : V . V;.''' . „ N .. ■ 
, ,, , . . . ■ '... no i i i 
"Xpact the produce, t., bold ilia aim k tt n\ 
long., than from oim i„ u., v f 
io improve win. by age and get it ,, (ll | v 
hu mat lo t Is t he part of the lb itb r. kfo-i 
tho juice of tho grape bin 
icmhed mid no.re or Idmn mjuied evciv 
y io. wlien.iM, bad the vines be. u hIhiH 
"lied lu null ,u ||„, Hjiimg. lateral shoot- 
| would have sprung lion, the cull", stioog 
ju-t tiiwi" a little of thi- 
tbe other. l 'r iH i; . 
. ■ .» 'twin i,m imi* . aiioiii* v 
jaiaxe.i ttuough healthy foliaga, u, II,„ *hupe of a dome, /,-<*, 
Now i* the time to 
1'nltr 
ud a little of 
for ,s 
only >| ;.u pe, y,„i 
