bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. 
162 
irreguiar transverse lines and small marginal denticulations. The lateral circuli are transverse, entirely 
in the manner of a clupeid. This last character is remarkable; a certain approach to it is found in Steno- 
tomns (Sparidae), in which the upper lateral circuli are obliquely directed outward, pointing to the 
anterolateral angles. 
The scales of the silver jenny, Eucinostomus gula (Cuvier & Valenciennes), from Rio Grande do Sul, 
Brazil (M. C. Z., 16452) are so exactly like those of X. cinereum that I am at a loss to describe any differ¬ 
ence. Scales of E. gula from Tampa, Fla., received from Dr. Graenicher, differ by having the apical field 
almost entirely covered with transverse circuli (not so dense as those elsewhere), and the ctenoid patch 
hardly indicated by even a rudiment. It is possible that northern and southern races of E. gula 
exist? (PI. xxxvi it, fig. 36.) 
KYPHOSIDtE. Chopas. 
The “chopa blanca” or Bermuda chub, Kyphosus sectatrix (Linnaeus) from Menemsha Bight, Mass., 
shows a modified type of acanthopterygian scale, with a thickened band with hyaline dots across the 
middle, and the apical area having a grooved appearance. There are two rows of distinct elements on 
Fig. 27. —Lagodon rhomboides 
(Sparidae). Ctenoid struc¬ 
tures. Bureau of Fisheries. 
sectatrix (Kyphosi- 
dae). Apical teeth. 
Bureau of Fisheries. 
Fig. 29. —Xystcema cinereum (Gerridae). Apical sculp¬ 
ture. Bureau of Fisheries. 
the apical margin, the outermost ending in sharp teeth, and all triangular at base, approaching the 
condition found in Neomcenis (Lutianidae) and Chcetodon (Chaetodontidae). The scales are broad-quad¬ 
rate, rounded apically, with rectangular lower corners; length of scale about 5 mm., breadth about 
The basal radii are very few, 4 to 6. A constant peculiarity is the concavity of the sides of the apical 
margin. The lateral circuli are parallel with the margin. 
This family is evidently not allied to the Gerridae. 
MULLIDAJ. Surmullets or goatfishes. 
The characters of Mullus, Upeneus, and Mulloides have been given in the table of acanthopterygian 
scales above. In all these genera the lateral circuli are more or less oblique, and the basal radii are few. 
SCLENID^. Drums. 
Two subfamilies can be separated as follows: 
Otolithinae (Cynoscion), the weakfishes. Elements of apical marginal and submarginal area with 
median keel or ridge. 
a 
