OBSERVATIONS ON FISH SCALES. 
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4 mm.; nucleus well basad of middle; laterobasal comers very distinct; basal margin thrown into 
two or three prominent folds; basal radii few, delicate and irregular; apical radii about ten, very 
slender, the outer ones broad outward; apical area with growth striae, but free from circuli (here 
agreeing with Gobio, Saurogobio, etc.); circuli very numerous, the lateral ones more widely spaced. 
The outline of the scale, especially the basal part, is practically as in Barbus mahecola (Biol. Bull., 
xx, pi. m, fig. 19), but the sculpture more resembles that of Gobio and its allies. 
Aspidoparia (Heckel) Bleeker. Zool. Anzeiger, xxxvm, p. 87, fig. 5. 
Ballerus Heckel. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxn, p. 212-213. 
Barbichthys Bleeker. Zool. Anzeiger, xxxvi, p. 252, fig. 2 and 3. The scale of B. Icevis from Siam 
is large, about 10 mm. long and 8 broad, with prominent though rounded laterobasal comers; 
basal margin thrown into two broad wave-like lobes; a single, median, basal radius; numerous 
apical radii, but only about four, which are strong, reaching the nuclear area, whereas in the mar¬ 
ginal region there are over 30; apical field with the circuli broken up, forming pustules; lateral 
and basal circuli dense and regular. The figures in the Zoologischer Anzeiger show the relation 
of the circuli to the pustules. 
Barbus Cuvier & Valenciennes, barbel. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxn, p. 157-158; xxm, p. 145-148, 
pi. m, fig. 1 ( B. chrysopoma), fig. 3 ( batesii ), fig. 4 ( barbus ), fig. 5 ( ksibi ), fig. 6 (pleurotaenia), fig. 9 
(grahami); Zool. Anzeiger, xxxvi, p. 479; Biol. Bulletin, xx, pi. m, fig. 19 {mahecola); Boulenger, 
Catalogue Freshwater Fishes of Africa, vol. n, p. 2, fig. 1 {bynni, pleurogramma, perince). The 
Barbus compressus mentioned in Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxm, p. 146, is from Fort Stedman, Shan 
States, 3,000 feet (E. W. Oates; B. M.). This is B. compressus Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 6, xii, 1893, p. 202; not B. compressus Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 555. With Dr. 
Boulenger’s permission, I alter B. compressus Boulenger to B. compressiformis n. n. 
Barilius Hamilton Buchanan. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxm, p. 143-144, pi. m, fig. 10 {B. loati). 
Barynotus Gunther. I believe this generic name is preoccupied in Coleoptera. B. luteus from Schiraz 
(Marquis Doria; B. M.) has very large reddish quadrate scales, about 13 mm. long and broad; nucleus 
about 5 mm. from base; circuli very fine, about 10 or 12 basal radii and about 35 apical ones, the 
latter wavy and many of them imperfect. In size, color, and form this is like the scale of Semiplotus 
macclellandi, except that the latter is considerably broader than long. In detail there are rather 
important differences, though of degree rather than of kind. In the Semiplotus the basal radii 
are very few and weak, while there are numerous delicate but distinct lateral radii, represented only 
by a few irregular lines in Barynotus. In both the apical radii are wavy and the interradial spaces 
are tuberculate, but the tubercles are more prominent in Semiplotus and extend almost to the nucleus, 
whereas in Barynotus they do not go beyond the skin-covered area. 
Capoeta Valenciennes. (PI. xxxiv, fig. 13.) Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxm, p. 149. According to Berg, 
C. steindachneri Kessl is a synonym of C. heratensis Keyserling. 
Carassius Nilsson, goldfish. Zool. Anzeiger, xxxvi, p. 480. 
Catla Cuvier & Valenciennes. Catla catla (Cyprinus catla Hamilton Buchanan; Catla buchanani Cuvier 
& Valenciennes) from Calcutta (F. Day; B. M.) has large elongate scales with rectangular basal 
comers; length 11, breadth 8 mm. The nucleus is about 4K mm. from the base; the base has five or 
six irregular but prominent radial folds; apical radii about 16, delicate, straight, many incomplete; 
lateral radii variable, when distinct similar to those of Semiplotus; basal circuli irregular and not 
so dense as usual; apical circuli distinct, longitudinal, the inner ones directed more or less mesad, 
approaching the condition so well developed in Cirrhina jullieni, but not nearly so extreme. Accord¬ 
ing to Day, Catla catla reaches a length of at least 6 feet, my material is from a much smaller fish. 
Chanodichthys Bleeker. C. pekinensis from Shanghai (Swinhoe; B. M.) has rather large broad-oval 
scales, about 10 mm. long and slightly over 8 broad; nucleus nearly central, circuli finely evanescent 
in the apical region, which is somewhat rugose; no basal or lateral radii, but about 21 apical, some 
incomplete. The scale examined is not symmetrical and probably not quite normal. 
Chela Hamilton Buchanan. (PI. xxxii, fig. 4-) Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxm, p. 142, pi. m, fig. 12 (C. 
argentea). 
Chelcethiops Boulenger. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxm, p. 141-142, pi. 111, fig. 11 (C. bibie ). 
