132 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. 
Richardsonius gibbosus is figured by Girard as having radii all around the scale, apical, lateral, and 
basal, and a scale from the abdominal region has a polygonal pattern in the nuclear field. Accord¬ 
ing to the scales, therefore, this fish agrees with Temeculina. Placed in Richardsonius , the name 
gibbosus (Gila gibbosa Baird & Girard 1854) has priority over nigra Cope 1876, and intermedia Girard 
1856, the latter said by Gilbert & Scofield (1898) to be identical. The name gibbosus is not a 
homonym if the fish is not placed in Leuciscus. According to Girard’s figures, R. pulchellus has 
occasional poorly defined basal radii, but the whole appearance is very different from that of R. 
gibbosus. The scale of R. intermedius (there regarded as distinct from gibbosa or nigra) was briefly 
described in Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, volume xxn, page 159, and 
was found to fall in the same immediate group as R. pulchellus (nigrescens ); this does not agree 
with Girard’s figures of gibbosus , but certainly his scales came from a much older fish. It remains 
to be seen whether R. intermedius is really distinct from gibbosus, but in view of the facts stated 
it will probably be best to follow Jordan & Evermann in so treating it. There is, however, a 
further complication arising from the publication of Gila gracilis Baird & Girard 1853, which 
Gilbert & Scofield (1898) say is not G. robusta, but is “ Leuciscus intermedius .” The name gracilis 
is not a homonym if the fish is not referred to Leuciscus, and it has priority even over gibbosus, 
so that in any event Richardsonius gracilis (Baird & Girard) must be a valid specific name. Another 
change of nomenclature is required in the case of Richardsonius alicice. The name Tigoma gracilis 
Girard 1856, is not available; but Squalius copei Jordan & Gilbert 1880 is and the species becomes 
Richardsonius copei (Jordan & Gilbert). 
Rutilus auctt. Amer.= Myloleucus. 
Semotilus Rafinesque, chub. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxn, p. 162, pi. m, fig. 4 (S. corporalis and S. 
atromaculatus) . A western form of 5 . atromaculatus, obtained by Mr. H. G. Smith at Julesburg 
and Sterling, Colo., appears to be subspecifically distinct and may be known as 5 . atromaculatus 
macrocephalus (Girard). In its scales it approaches S. corporalis. 
Siphateles Cope. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxn, p. 161 (as Rutilus olivaceus) ; t. c. p. 217. 
Tiaroga Girard. Girard, Ichth. Mex. Boundary Survey, pi. xxviii, f. 12-14. The scales have radii 
all around, and are transversely oval in form, altogether in the manner of Chrosomus. 
Although there is still much to be learned about the scales of American Cyprinidae, the facts dis¬ 
cussed above indicate very well that our fauna is essentially distinct from that of the Old World, with, 
however, the nearest allies of Old World types mostly in the far West; also, I believe that any funda¬ 
mental separation of our genera into an herbivorous group with long intestine and a mainly carnivorous 
one with short intestine is artificial. The herbivorous group is to be divided into several which seem 
to be properly associated with corresponding groups in the carnivorous series. 
(b) old world genera. 
My material representing Old World Cyprinidae is almost wholly from the British Museum, which 
is herein abbreviated to B. M. 
Abramis Cuvier, breams. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxn, p. 211-213; Zool. Anzeiger, xxxvi, p. 478, 
fig. 3 (A. elongatus). 
Acanthorhodeus Bleeker. A. tcenianalis is a very deep-bodied fish from Shanghai (Swinhoe, B. M.); 
the scales, as usual in the Rhodeines, are extremely broad; length a little over 5 mm., breadth 
fully 8. The basal circuli are dense, those at the sides more widely spaced; the very numerous 
radii, all apical, are wavy, or more or less zigzag. The region of the radii is finely striate with 
lines of growth, and in the interradial spaces are spots due to a kind of pitting. (PI. xxxn, fig. 2.) 
Zool. Anzeiger, xxxvi, 477. 
Alburnus Heckel, bleak. Zool. Anzeiger, xxxvi, p. 477. (A. lucidus and filippii.) 
Amblyrhynchichthys Bleeker. A. truncatus from the Menam River, Siam (Royal Siamese Museum- 
B. M.), has subquadrate scales with very thin apical margins; length about 3%, with slightly over 
