GULLS AND TERNS 
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42. Larus glaucus Briinn. Glaucous Gull. 
Primaries white or light gray, shading into white at ends. Adults in 
summer: mantle, i. e. back and top of wings, light pearl gray; rest of 
plumage white. Adults in winter : head and neck streaked with grayish. 
Young: whitish, tinged below and mottled above with brownish gray. 
Length : 26-32, wing 16.75-18.75, bill 2.30-2.70. 
Distribution. — Arctic regions; in North America south in winter to 
North Carolina, the Great Lakes, and San Francisco Bay. Not common in 
the United States. 
Nest. — A depression in a ledge of rock, lined scantily with fine grass, or 
a bulky mass of sod and tufts of moss on an islet in a pond. Eggs: 2 or 3. 
The glaucous gull has been found by Mr. Loomis at Monterey, 
and by Dr. Cooper and Mr. Kobbe in San Francisco Bay. 
44. Larus glaucescens Naum. Glaucous-winged Gull. 
Adults in summer. — Mantle light pearl gray ; primaries gray, with dis¬ 
tinct white tips ; rest of plumage white. Adults in winter: head and neck 
clouded with sooty gray. Young: deep ashy gray; head and neck 
streaked, and rest of upper parts mottled with grayish white or dull buff. 
Length: 23.70-27.75, wing 16.25-17.30, bill 2.20-2.60, depth of bill at 
angle .80-.90. 
Distribution. — From Bering Sea south in winter to southern California 
and Japan. 
Nest. — Usually on the face of a rugged cliff, but sometimes in grass on 
grassy islands, or a depression in seaweed. Eggs: 3. 
Mr. Kobbe says that the glaucous-winged gulls are abundant in 
San Francisco Bay in winter, and Mr. Loomis has found them com¬ 
mon in Monterey Bay. Mr. Loomis says they make up the greater 
number of gulls in the large trains of gulls and pelicans that attend 
the whales that come into the bay. Near the ocean, in the Carmel 
valley, he has found them in company with western gulls following 
the plough like blackbirds. 
At Gray’s Harbor, Washington, Mr. Lawrence says the gulls are 
very common from fall until late spring. During the salmon runs 
they often fly thirty miles to feed on the dead salmon along the 
streams, returning to the harbor to roost. The gulls also visit the 
salmon canneries to feed on the refuse. 
49. Larus occidentalis Aud. Western Gull. 
Adults in summer. —Mantle dark slaty gray ; primaries, including inner 
webs of first, second, and usually third black, tipped with white; rest of 
plumage white. Adults in winter: top of head and back of neck streaked 
with dusky. Young: upper parts brownish slaty, varied with buff and 
whitish; quills and tail dull black, usually tipped with white; under parts 
brownish gray, specked or spotted with whitish. Length: 24—27, wing 
15.75-17.00, bill 2.00-2.35, depth of bill at angle .85-95. 
Distribution. — Pacific coast from British Columbia to Cape St. Lucas, 
Lower California. 
Nest. — A depression in seaweed. Eggs: usually 3, light grayish olive, 
spotted with shades of brown and lilac. 
