DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS 
59 
150. Aythya collaris ( Donov .). Ring-necked Duck. 
Bill narrower than in A. marila, black, crossed by blue band near end. 
Adult male: head, except small white triangle on chin, black, glossed 
with rich purple ; neck encircled by narrow chestnut collar; chest and 
back black, back glossed with greenish ; wings blackish, with blue gray 
speculum ; middle of belly buffy white ; sides and back finely vermiculated 
gray; crissum black. Adult female: throat and face whitish, rest of 
head, neck, and upper parts dull brown ; wing with blue gray speculum 
as in male ; chest and sides fulvous, belly white. Length: 15.50-18.00, 
wing 8.00, bill 1.75-2.00. 
Distribution. —North America, south in winter to Guatemala, breeding 
from Minnesota and North Dakota northward. 
Nest and eggs as in affinis. 
In habits, as well as in general appearance, the ring-neck is very 
similar to the lesser scaup. At a little distance they are indistin¬ 
guishable, either on the wing or on the water. 
GENUS CLANGULA. 
General Characters. — Bill short, high at base and narrowed toward end ; 
head with wide, high crest; males with head green and large white spot 
at base of bill; females with head and crest plain brownish. 
KEY TO ADULT MALES. 
1. White patch on cheek, circular. americana, p. 59. 
1'. White patch on cheek, triangular. islandica, p. GO. 
KEY TO FEMALES. 
1. Head light snuff brown. americana, p. 59. 
1'. Head dark umber brown. islandica, p. GO. 
151. Clangula clangula americana ( Bonap.). American 
Golden-eye. 
Adult male. — Head and crest rich dark green, a round white patch at 
base of bill; neck and under parts 
white ; back black, shoulders white ; 
wing with white central patch and 
white stripes on scapulars. Adult 
female: head and upper neck light 
snuff brown, neck with wide white 
or gray collar; belly white ; chest, 
sides, and shoulders gray; wing 
dusky, with white on coverts and 
secondaries, the white greater cov¬ 
erts not tipped with dusky. Nail of 
bill not over .20 wide. Young male: 
like female, but sometimes with a 
suggestion of the white patch at 
base of bill, and less gray on chest. 
Male : length 18.50-23.00, wing 9.18, 
bill 1.95. Female: 16.50, wing 8.14, Fig . 75 
Distribution. — North America, breeding in the northern United States 
and northward ; south in winter to Cuba and Mexico. 
