331 
FINCHES, SPARROWS, ETC. 
4. Upper parts olivaceous. Coast of southern California. 
beldingi, p. 332. 
4'. Upper parts grayish or grayish brown. 
5. Larger. Alaska ; south along Pacific coast in winter. 
sandwichensis, p. 331. 
5'. Smaller. 
6. Paler and grayer. Western North America. 
alaudinus, p. 332. 
6'. Darker and browner. Coast of central California in summer. 
bryanti, p. 332. 
2'. Hind toe decidedly longer than inner toe ; wing exceeding tail by 
little more than length of tarsus; tail feathers narrower, more 
sharp pointed. 
3. Edge of wing white; head and neck yellowish brown or buffy. 
bairdii, p. 333. 
3'. Edge of wing yellow; head not yellowish brown or buffy; nape 
rufous. bimaculatus, p. 334. 
Subgenus Passerculus. 
Hind toe little if any longer than inner toe; wing exceeding tail by 
decidedly more than length of tarsus; tail feathers broader, less sharply 
pointed. 
Fig. 420. 
542. Ammodramus sandwichensis (Gmel.). Sandwich Spar¬ 
row. 
Adults. — Crown stripe and superciliary well marked , and superciliary 
usually decidedly yellow ; upper parts 
grayish brown, heavily streaked with 
black , the streaks in sharp contrast 
to feather edgings of whitish, grayish, 
or buffy ; under parts white, some¬ 
times, especially in fall and winter, 
tinged with buffy on sides and chest; 
sides of throat, chest, sides, and flanks streaked with blackish ; longer under 
tail coverts with concealed streaks. Young: similar, but light streaks of 
upper parts buffy, dark streaks of lower parts less defined, superciliary 
usually without yellow, and finely streaked with dusky. Male: length 
(skins) 4.93-5.75, wing 2.92-3.14, tail 2.00-2.20, bill .44-.50. Female: 
length (skins) 4.88-5.74, wing 2.70-3.06, tail 1.85-2.10, bill .44-.50. 
Remarks. — The sandwichensis group is distinguished by black streaks 
on upper parts in connection with distinct superciliary and median crown 
stripe, and streaks on under tail coverts being concealed. The exposed 
culmen is also longer than hind toe without claw, and wing less than seven 
times as long as exposed culmen, the bill straight or even concave in the 
middle. 
Distribution. — Northwest coast, from Alaska to the Columbia River, 
rarely to northern California. 
Nest. — On the ground, in meadows or other grassy places. Eggs: 3 to 
6, pale brownish, varying to dull whitish or greenish white, spotted with 
brown, occasionally with a few darker marks. 
Food. — Insects, and weed and grass seed. 
In Alaska Mr. Nelson found the Sandwich sparrow mainly on 
rocky beaches, though it also frequented grassy flats. He describes 
