WOOD WARBLERS 
413 
on back and scapulars ; yellow crown patch concealed by brown tips to 
feathers; throat and chest brownish white or buffy brown, chest streaked 
with black; yellow patches obscured, black patches with white edges to 
feathers. Adult female in fall and winter : like winter male, but smaller, 
upper parts browner, yellow crown patch restricted or obsolete ; under 
parts pale buffy brown in front and on sides; median parts of breast and 
belly yellowish white ; yellow breast patches indistinct or obsolete. Young , 
first plumage: streaked above and below; wings and tail much as in 
adults. Male : length (skins) 4.72-5.51, wing 2.76-3.07, tail 1.97-2.36, 
bill .3S-.43. Female : length (skins) 4.65-5.51, wing 2.64-2.95, tail 2.02- 
2.32, bill .32-.41. 
Remarks. — The yellow-rumped and Audubon warblers are similar, but 
can be distinguished by the throat, which is white in coronata and yellow 
in auduboni. 
Distribution. —North America, chiefly east and north of Rocky Moun¬ 
tains (to Hudson Bay region), straggling westward to the Pacific; breeds 
from Alaska to northern United States, wintering from southern New 
England and the Ohio valley south to the West Indies and Panama; 
accidental in Greenland and eastern Siberia. 
Nest. — Usually low in coniferous trees, made of grasses, twigs, and root¬ 
lets, lined with finer grasses, feathers, and hair. Eggs : 3 to 6, white, 
creamy, or buffy, spotted or blotched chiefly on or around larger end with 
broAvn and lilac, sometimes mixed with small black markings. 
Food. — Insects, their eggs and larvae, and wild berries. 
The yellow-rump, the eastern representative of the Audubon 
warbler, migrates through Colorado, and Prof. Cooke says it is not 
uncommon for two or three weeks on the plains along the foothills 
of the Rocky Mountains, where a few range up to 9000 feet. It mi¬ 
grates from ten days to two weeks ahead of auduboni, but in May 
the two species are often found together. 
656. Dendroica auduboni (Towns.). Audubon Warbler. 
Adult male in spring and summer. — Throat , crownpatch , and rump yellow; 
under parts white, yellow, and solid black; upper parts bluish gray, streaked 
with black ; wing coverts with large white 
patches; tail black, inner webs of four 
or five outer feathers with large subter¬ 
minal patch of white. Adult female in 
spring and summer: like summer male, 
but duller, and with less black on under 
parts; upper parts usually more or less 
tinged with brown; yellow crown patch 
restricted, and partly tipped with brown¬ 
ish gray; wings with narrower bands; 
chest and sides grayish, marked with 
black; color patches restricted. Adult 
male in fall and winter: duller and 
browner than summer male, upper parts 
washed with brown, wing markings tinged 
with brown; black of chest and sides 
mostly concealed by brownish white edges 
to feathers. Adult female in fall and winter: like winter male, but smaller 
and duller, back without sharply defined streaks; yellow patches paler and 
