418 
WOOD WARBLERS 
under parts white, sides spotted ; wing and tail as in fall birds, but wing 
bars brownish buff. Male: length (skins) 4.40-4.70, wing 2.57-2.73, tail 
1.83-1.94, bill .37-41. Female : length (skins) 4.25-4.60, wing 2.48-2.58, 
tail 1.82-1.87, bill .38. 
Remarks. — The young may be distinguished by buffy superciliary and 
throat. 
Distribution. — Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones of the southern 
British Provinces, northeastern United States, and mountain regions south; 
casually to Utah, western Texas, and New Mexico; migrates to the Ba¬ 
hamas, and through eastern Mexico to South America; accidental in 
Greenland. 
Nest. — In evergreen trees, bulky, composed of downy materials, espe¬ 
cially cat-tail down, lined with fine lichens, and horsehairs. Eggs : 4 or 5, 
greenish white or pale bluish green, speckled or spotted chiefly on or 
around larger end with brown, reddish brown, or lilac gray. 
Food. — Largely winged insects. 
664. Dendroica graciae Baird. Grace Warbler. 
Adult male in spring and summer. — Superciliary , spot on lower lid , throat 
and chest bright yellow; rest of under parts white, streaked with black; 
upper parts including ear coverts and sides of neck ash gray; crown and 
back narrowly streaked with black; wings with two white bands ; two 
outer tail feathers largely white on inner webs. Adult female in spring and 
summer: like male, but duller, gray of upper parts tinged with brown, 
black streaks indistinct, wing bars narrower, yellow paler, white of under 
parts duller. Adult male in fall and winter : upper parts slightly tinged 
with brown, streakings on back more or less concealed; under parts 
brownish buffy. Adult female in fall and winter : like winter male, but 
washed with olive brown above, wing bars brownish buff, and white of 
under parts strongly buffy. Young male in first fall and winter: upper 
parts strongly tinged with brown, black streaks on back concealed, and 
flanks strongly brownish buff. Young female in first fall and winter : colors 
duller, streaking indistinct or obsolete. Male: length (skins) 4.33-4.60, 
wing 2.52-2.60, tail 1.85-1.97, bill .39. Female: length (skins) 4.45-4.53, 
wing 2.37-2.44, tail 1.81-1.85, bill .39. 
Distribution. — Southwestern United States and adjacent parts of north¬ 
western Mexico, breeding from Colorado to Chihuahua and Sonora, Mexico; 
casual in southern California. 
Nest. — By two specimens, in pines, 50 to 60 feet from the ground, 
made of vegetable fibers, straws, and horsehair; also, in one case, strings, 
oak catkins, bud scales, wool, vegetable down, and insect webbing. Eggs : 
3 or 4, white, lightly spotted with reddish brown. 
The Grace warblers are birds of the coniferous forests of the south¬ 
western mountains. In the Guadalupe Mountains, Texas, we met 
a small flock of them passing through the pines at about 8000 feet. 
665. Dendroica nigrescens (Towns.). Black-throated Gray 
Warbler. 
Adult male in spring and summer. — Whole head , throat , and chest black, 
except for white streaks on side of head and along throat, and bright yellow 
spot over lores; breast and belly pure white; sides streaked with black; 
back gray, more or less streaked with black ; wings with two white bars ; 
tail with inner webs of two outer feathers mainly white. Adult female 
in spring and summer: similar, but colors duller; crown usually gray. 
