422 
WOOD WARBLERS 
dusky patch. Adult male in fall and winter: like summer male, but yel¬ 
low of crown and occiput obscured by olive tips to feathers, black streaks 
of back obscured by grayish edges to feathers, and black throat patch 
with whitish tips. Adult female in fall and winter: upper parts plain 
grayish olive, crown with traces of yellow; under parts brownish white, 
throat and chest with feathers dusky below the surface. Young male in 
first fall and winter: like adult fall male, but crown olive green, back 
more olive, streaking concealed or obsolete ; sides of head paler yellow 
washed with olive ; throat and chest whitish or yellowish, feathers black 
under the surface ; rest of under parts soiled white ; sides and flanks 
tinged with olive brown. Male : length (skins) 4.41-4.80, wing 2.48-2.72, 
tail 1.93-2.05, bill .37-.43. Female: length (skins) 4.37-4.72, wing 2.44- 
2.48, tail 1.83-2.01, bill .35-.39. 
Remarks. — The adult males of this group of warblers may be distin¬ 
guished by the color pattern of the side of the head. In the hermit it is 
plain yellow; in the black-throated green, crossed by an olive eye streak ; 
in the yellow-cheeked, by a narrow black streak; and in the Townsend 
by a wide black band between superciliary and malar streaks. 
Distribution. — Breeds in high mountains from British Columbia to Cali¬ 
fornia, and from the Pacific coast district of the United States to the 
Rocky Mountains ; migrates to Lower California, Mexico, and Guatemala. 
Nest. — In coniferous trees, made of weed stems and pine needles, bound 
by cobwebs and woolly materials, and lined with strips of cedar bark. 
Eggs: dull white or grayish, spotted or blotched with lilac gray or browns, 
chiefly around larger end. 
“The hermit warbler is a frequenter of the conifers, although it 
feeds in the bushes and black oaks in common with other species. 
Its song is different from that of any other Sierra warbler, and seems 
well represented by the words zeegle-zeegle-zeegle-zeek, which I borrow 
from Mr. Bowles, of Waldo, Oregon. At close range the song of 
the hermit warbler appears weak rather than otherwise, yet at Fyffe 
I was impressed with its penetration, The bird will often mount to 
the higher branches of the conifers by successive hops, much after 
the manner of the blue-fronted jay.” (Barlow.) 
672. Dendroica palmarum ( GW. ). Palm Warbler. 
Adults in summer. — Crown chestnut, bordered by yellow superciliary ; 
back olive or brown, narrowly streaked with darker and becoming olive 
green on rump and upper tail coverts ; two outer tail feathers with large 
terminal spots of white ; throat, breast, and under tail coverts light yellow ; 
chest, and sometimes sides of throat, more or less streaked; belly whitish, 
more or less mixed with yellowish. Adults in winter: chestnut of crown 
obscured or concealed ; throat and chest whitish instead of yellowish. 
Young in first fall and winter : similar, but upper parts browner, supercil¬ 
iary less distinct, and markings of under parts more suffused. Length: 
4.50-5.50, wing 2.52, tail 2.24. 
Distribution. — Interior of North America, north to Fort Churchill, 
Hudson Bay, and Great Slave Lake; migrates through the Mississippi 
valley, wintering in the South Atlantic and Gulf states, the West Indies, 
and eastern Mexico ; accidental at Denver, Colorado, and on the Pacific 
coast, California. 
Nest. —On the ground, made of grass, strips of bark, and moss,lined 
