424 WOOD WARBLERS 
GENUS GEOTHLYPIS. 
General Characters. — Bill slender, its greatest depth less than half the 
distance from nostril to tip ; tail rounded or graduated, or with basal two 
thirds hidden by coverts. 
KEY TO ADULT SPRING MALES. 
1. Head, neck, and chest gray. 
2. Lores black; a distinct white spot on each eyelid. Western. 
tolmiei, p. 424. 
2'. Lores not black; a continuous white orbital ring. Eastern. 
agilis, p. 424. 
1'. Head, neck, and chest mainly yellow; sides of head black. 
2. Bill slender, its greatest depth much less than half its length from 
nostril. 
3. Larger, with wider frontal band . . . occidentalis, p. 425. 
3'. Smaller, with narrower frontal band. Pacific coast region. 
arizela, p. 426. 
2'. Bill very stout, its greatest depth much more than half its length 
from nostril. Rio Grande Valley, Texas. . . ralphi, p. 426. 
Subgenus Oporornis. 
Wings pointed, longer than tail; tail nearly even, more than basal half 
concealed by coverts. 
678. Geothlypis agilis (Wi7s.). Connecticut Warbler. 
Adult male in spring and summer. — Head, neck, and chest ash gray ; 
eye with conspicuous white ring; gray of chest sharply contrasting with 
yellow of under parts ; sides and flanks olive green; back dark olive green. 
Adult female in spring and summer: similar, but top of head uniform with 
back; throat and breast brownish. Adult male in fall and winter: like 
summer male, but gray of forehead and crown tinged with brown, and 
feathers of throat and chest tipped with paler. Young male in first fall 
and winter : like adult female, but crown brownish olive, and chest darker, 
more olivaceous. Young female in first fall and winter: like young male, 
but smaller, and with throat and chest more strongly tinged with brownish 
huffy. Male: length (skins) 5.00-5.42, wing 2.79-2.97, tail 1.84-2.08, bill 
.45-49. Female : length (skins) 4.80-5.81, wing 2.65-2.83, tail 1.84-1.94, 
bill .46-47. 
Distribution. — Eastern North America, breeding in Manitoba and Onta¬ 
rio ; migrating to northern South America; accidental in Colorado. 
Nest. — On ground in swampy woods; very compact. Eggs: 4, white or 
creamy, spotted with lilac gray and shades of brown. 
Subgenus Geothlypis. 
Wings short and much rounded; tail rounded. 
680. Geothlypis tolmiei (Towns.). Macgilliyray Warbler. 
Adult male in spring and summer. — Head , throat , and breast slate gray; 
throat feathers edged with ash ; rest of under parts yellow; lores deep 
black; eyelids with distinct white spots; back olive green, sometimes 
tinged with gray. Adult female in spring and summer: like adult male, 
but crown, hind neck, and sides of head and neck mouse gray, fading to 
pale grayish or grayish white on throat and breast. Adult male in fall 
