WOOD WARBLERS 
425 
and winter: like summer male, but feathers of crown and hind neck tipped 
with brown and light edges of feathers on 
throat and chest broader, sometimes almost 
concealing black centers. Adult female in 
fall and winter: like summer female, but 
plumage softer, and sides of throat and chest 
more grayish. Young female in frst autumn : 
like fall adult female, but crown and hind 
neck like back instead of gray, throat and 
chest yellowish instead of grayish; marks on 
eyelids yellowish, and streak over lores pale 
yellow. Male: length (skins) 4.67-5.44, 
wing 2.34-2.56, tail 2.08-2.48, bill .43-.46. 
Female: length (skins) 4.63-5.04, wing 2.15- „ .... TTr 
2.36, tail 1.91-2.28. bill .42-.4S. Flg ‘ ^ Macgllllvray Warbler ‘ 
Distribution. — Breeds in British Columbia and western United States, 
from the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific coast 
ranges; winters in Lower California and Mexico, and from Central Amer¬ 
ica to Colombia. 
Nest. — Near ground in clumps of weeds or bushes, often in open places 
in mountains, made of dried grasses lined with finer grass, and sometimes 
horsehair. Eggs: 3, white or huffy, speckled on larger end with dark 
brown and lilac gray, with a few pen lines and rusty stains. 
The Macgillivray warbler is one of the commonest of western war¬ 
blers, frequenting chaparral and underbrush especially near water, 
from the lower levels to the high mountains, and the appearance of 
a little gray head peering out shyly from the bushes becomes a pleas¬ 
antly familiar mountain sight. 
681a. Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Brewst. Western 
Yellow-throat . 1 
Adult male. — Forehead and sides of head black, bordered above with 
white, sometimes tinged with yellow; rest of upper parts plain olive 
green ; under parts deep, yellow. In win¬ 
ter, washed with brown. Adult female : 
without black, ashy, or white ; upper parts 
olive brown, often tinged with reddish 
brown on crown, greenish on tail; under 
parts pale yellowish or yellowish white. 
Young male in first winter: like adult, but 
black mask less distinct. Male: length 
(skins) 4.53-5.00, wing- 2.17-2.36, tail 2.01- 
2.22, bill .43-.47. Female: length (skins) 
4.33-4.76, wing 2.05-2.15, tail 1.93-2.09, 
bill .41-.43. 
1 Geothlypis trichas scirpicola Grinnell. Tule Yellow-throat. 
Like occidentalis , but brighter colored and larger, with longer tail. 
Distribution. — Resident in fresh water tule beds along coast of southern California. 
(The Condor , iii. 65.) 
Geothlypis trichas sinuosa Grinnell. Salt Marsh Yellow-throat. 
Like occidentalis , but smaller, and back and sides darker. 
Distribution. — Resident about salt marshes of San Francisco Bay and vicinity. ( The 
Condor , iii. 65.) 
