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WOOD WARBLERS 
The American redstart is a bird of the open deciduous woods, 
building usually in saplings. It goes about its work with drooping 
wings, its long fan-tail opening and shutting to show its bright color 
patches as it flashes about tumbling through the air after insects. 
Of its two characteristic songs the longer one is hurried and accented 
at the end. 
688. Setophaga picta Swains. Painted Redstart. 
Adults. —Black, except for red belly and white of eyelid, wing patch, under 
tail coverts, and outer tail feathers. Young, first plumage: upper parts sooty 
black; wings and tail like adults, but white wing patch tipped with buff; 
under parts sooty gray, becoming white on middle of belly; breast spotted 
or streaked with blackish. Male: length (skins) 4.84-5.04, wing 2.68-2.95, 
tail 2.40-2.68, bill .31-.35. Female: length (skins) 4.92-5.32, wing 2.64- 
2.76, tail 2.36-2.54, bill .33-.35. 
Distribution. — From mountains of New Mexico and Arizona south to 
Mexico, Vera Cruz, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Guatemala, and Honduras. 
Nest. — In cavities in banks or among rocks, near water ; made of vege¬ 
table fibers and leaves, and lined with grass and hair. Eggs: 3 to 4, white, 
finely speckled with reddish brown and lilac. 
The red, white, and black painted redstarts frequent the evergreen 
oaks and the pines and alders of the mountain ranges of southern 
Arizona. They are usually found near springs and waterfalls. In 
motions they are typical redstarts, Mr. Henshaw says, passing rapidly 
along the branches of trees with half-shut wings and outspread tail, 
now and then darting after a passing fly. Mr. H. O. Howard says 
they may be seen hopping about on mossy banks and stumps of large 
trees. 
GENUS CARDELLINA. 
690. Cardellina rubrifrons ( Giraud ). Red-faced Warbler. 
Bill not more than half as long as head, high at base, curved; rictal 
bristles stiff; wings long ; tail shorter than wings, nearly even; feet small; 
tarsus longer than middle toe and claw. 
Adults. — Throat, forehead, and stripe back to nape bright red ; crown 
black; nuchal patch and rump white; rest of upper parts gray; under 
parts soiled whitish. Young in first fall and winter : duller, black re¬ 
placed by brown ; red paler ; white of under parts and nuchal patch tinged 
with huffy or salmon. Male: length (skins) 4.65-5.32, wing 2.58-2.78, tail 
2.24-2.40, bill .31-35. Female: length (skins) 4.45-4.96, wing 2.48-2.76, 
tail 2.18-2.40, bill .29-.35. 
Distribution. — From southern Arizona and New Mexico south to Guate¬ 
mala. 
Nest. — On the ground, under a vine or bunch of grass, or near a fallen 
log; made largely of fine straws, rootlets, strips of bark, leaves, and hair. 
Eggs: 4, white, spotted with reddish brown over the entire shell, most 
thickly around the larger end. 
The red-faced warbler is found on the mountains in the southern 
parts of Arizona and New Mexico among the pines and spruces. Its 
habits, Mr. Henshaw says, combine those of the chickadees, red 
