THRUSHES, SOLITAIRES, BLUEBIRDS, ETC. 475 
GENUS SAXICOLA. 
765. Saxicola CBnanthe (Linn.). Wheatear. 
Adult male. — Upper parts ash gray; wings and terminal third of tail 
black; basal two thirds of tail, except middle feathers, white ; forehead, 
superciliary, and upper tail coverts, white; side of head with black stripe ; 
under parts buffy anteriorly, white posteriorly. Adult female: duller, 
black replaced by dusky. Winter plumage: upper parts brown; white on 
tail as in summer; wings with lighter edgings; under parts rusty buff; 
side of head without distinct streak. Young: like female, but feathers 
with dark bars and pale centers at tip. Male: wing 3.58-3.98. Female: 
wing 3.54-3.90. 
Distribution. — Breeds in Alaska; migrates to Asia; accidental in Col¬ 
orado. 
Nest. — Among rocks and stone walls, made of grasses, lined with feath¬ 
ers. Eggs: 3 to 6, pale greenish blue. 
A specimen of the wheatear was taken at Boulder, Colorado, by 
Minot, in 1880. 
GENUS SIALIA. 
General Characters. — Bill not more than half as long as head, notched 
near tip ; feet short and stout; tarsus not longer than middle toe; side 
toes unequal; claws strongly curved. 
KEY TO ADULT MALES. 
1. Under parts without blue. 
2. Sides of neck blue. Rocky Mountains to Atlantic . sialis, p. 475. 
2'. Sides of neck brown. Southern Arizona .... azurea, p. 476. 
1'. Under parts with blue. 
2. Under parts wholly blue and white. arctica, p. 476. 
2'. Under parts blue and brown. 
3. Back wholly chestnut. bairdi, p. 476. 
3'. Back blue in middle, chestnut on sides . occidentalis, p. 476. 
766. Sialia sialis (Linn.). Bluebird. 
Adult male. — Upper parts bright 
fading to white on belly. In winter, 
feathers of back bordered with brown. 
Adult female: upper parts gray, deep¬ 
ening to blue on rump, wings, and 
tail; under parts dull brown, becom¬ 
ing whitish on belly. Young: upper 
parts dark gray, streaked with white ; 
under parts gray, spotted with white. 
Male: length 5.70-7.00, wing, 3.90- 
4.15, tail 2.60-2.90, bill .62-.67. Fe¬ 
male : wing 3.80-3.90, tail 2.50-2.60. 
* Distribution. — Breeds in Transition 
and Upper Sonoran zones from Mani¬ 
toba and Ontario south to Gulf of 
Mexico, and from the Atlantic to the 
Rocky Mountains; winters from the 
middle states to the Gulf states and Cuba. 
blue; under parts reddish brown, 
From Biological Survey, U. S. Dept, of 
Agriculture. 
Fig. 601. 
