112 
KEY TO FAMILIES OF LAND BIRDS 
7'. Bill not wider than high at 
base; plumage largely black 
or yellow . . . Icteridae: 
Blackbirds, Orioles, 
etc., p. 285. 
rig. 166. 
3'. Primaries obviously 10 or else notched at tip. 
4. First primary more than half 
as long as second. 5 
5. Bill hooked at tip . 
Fig. 168. 
. . Laniidae: 
Shrikes, p. 391. 
Fig. 169. 
Fig. 170. 
5'. Bill not hooked at tip. 
6 . Nasal feathers erect or inclined back¬ 
ward (except Genus Oroscoptes, in 
which the first primary is not half as 
long as second) . Troglodytidae: 
Wrens, Thrashers, Mocking¬ 
birds, and Catbirds, p. 433. 
6 '. Nasal feathers pointing forward over 
• bill. 
7. Large ; wing more than 4. 
Corvidae : Crows, Jays, 
Magpies, etc., p. 269. 
7 . Small, wing less than 2. Paridae : 
Nuthatches and Tits (Genus 
Chamcea: Wren-tits), p. 452. 
4'. First primary not 
more than half ^ 
as long as sec- 4 
ond. 
Fig. 173. 
5. Tarsus not divided into 
plates except near 
toes. 
Fig. 174. 
6 . Tail abnormally short; plumage slate 
gray. Cinclidae: Dippers, p. 432. 
6 '. Tail normally long; plumage green 
or brown. 
7. Small, wing less than 2.50; plum¬ 
age greenish, Sylviidae: King¬ 
lets, Gnatcatchers, etc. 
(Genus Regulus: Kinglets ), p. 463. 
7'. Large: wing more than 3; plum¬ 
age brown or grayish. 
Turdidae : Thrushes, p. 467. 
