266 
LARKS 
edged inside with dark brown; chest brownish huffy, indistinctly streaked 
or spotted with tawny. 
Distribution. — Europe and portions of Asia and Africa; introduced and 
naturalized in Oregon. 
Nest. — On ground in meadows or open grassy places. Eggs: 3 to 6, 
huffy whitish or pale grayish brown, thickly speckled with brown. 
GENUS OTOCORIS. 
General Characters. — Crown with horn-like erectile tufts; primaries 
apparently only nine; tail nearly even; bill conoid, acute; tarsus round 
behind, in young divided into plates on back ; hind claw equal to or longer 
than its toe, nearly straight. 
KEY TO ADULT MALES IN SUMMER. 
Fig. 343. 
1. Size large ; breeding north of the United States. 
2. Throat white ; south in winter to Utah . . arcticola, p. 266. 
2'. Throat yellowish; south in winter to Kansas and Nevada, hoyti, p. 269. 
l'.Size smaller ; breeding in the United States. 
2. Upper parts pale grayish brown or pinkish. 
3. Upper parts exceedingly pale. Colorado desert, pallida, p. 268. 
3'. Upper parts not exceedingly pale. 
4. Superciliary yellow. Coast of Texas. . . . giraudi, p. 268. 
4'. Superciliary white. 
5. Back darker ; size smaller. Eastern praticola, p. 267. 
5'. Back paler ; size larger. 
6. Pinkish of nape contrasting with back. Great Plains and 
Great Basin. leucolaema, p. 267. 
6'. Pinkish of nape shading gradually into back. New Mex¬ 
ico and Arizona. occidentalis, p. 269. 
2'. Upper parts not pale grayish or pinkish. 
3. Back sharply contrasting with nape. 
4. Back brownish. Southern California .... actia, p. 268. 
4'. Back blackish. 
5. Back of neck pinkish. Plains of Columbia . merrilli, p. 268. 
5'. Back of neck ruddy brown. 
6. Darker. Santa Barbara Islands . . insularis, p. 269. 
6'. Lighter. Coast region, British Columbia to California. 
strigata, p. 268. 
3 . Back not sharply contrasted with nape. 
4. Nape bright brick red. Sacramento Valley . rubea, p. 268. 
4'. Nape pinkish. Southern Arizona. adusta, p. 268. 
474a. Otocoris alpestris arcticola Oberh. Alaska Horned 
Lark. 
Like leucolaema but larger, with white throat, brownish streaked back, 
and more pinkish nape. 
Distribution. — Alaska, south in winter to Oregon, Utah, and Montana. 
