270 
AUTHORITIES AND BOOKS. 
Strigae. Stiff upright hairs, swelled out at the 
base. 
Stigma. The upper part of the pistil, intended 
to receive the pollen and convey it down the 
style to the ovarium. 
Stigmata. Stigmas, or the divisions of the 
stigma. 
Stipe. The little stem that supports the seed- 
vessel or ovary in the centre of the flower. 
Stipate. Furnished with a stipe. 
Stipules. Small leaves or membranes at the 
base of the petioles, or foot-stalks, of the 
leaves. 
Stoloniferous. With the roots extending under 
the ground, like those of the Couch-grass. 
Striatum. Striped. 
Style. That part of a flower which is between 
the ovary aud the stigma. 
Suaveolens. Very sweet-scented. 
Sub. Somewhat, or rather. 
Subnucumentaceous. Producing a few nuts. 
Subulate. Awl-shaped, tapering to a point. 
Succulent. Easily broken and full of juice. 
Suffruticose. Half shrubby. 
Superflua. Composite flowers which have the 
florets of the disk bisexual, and those of the 
ray female. 
Superior. Above the base of the stamens. 
Surculi. Young shoots. 
Suture. Where the seed-vessel opens naturally 
on only one side, like the pod of the pea, &c. 
Syngesia. Composite flowers. 
Tap-root. A long descending root, like that of 
the Carrot. 
Taraxacifolia. Dandelion-leaved. 
Terate. Round and long, cylindrical. 
Terminal. At the extremity of the shoots and 
branches. 
Testa. The skin or covering of the seed. 
Tetradynamous. Having six stamens, four of 
which are longer than the other two. 
Tetragonal. Four-sided. 
Tetragynia. With four styles. 
Tetra-hexandria. Sometimes four and some¬ 
times six stamens. 
Tetrandria. With four stamens. 
Tetra-polygynia. With four or many styles. 
Tetraptera. With a four-angled capsule. 
Tomcntose. Woolly. 
Torulose. Uneven, alternately elevated and 
depressed. 
Torus. The part or receptacle which spreads 
out below the ovarium, and supports the rest 
of the flower. 
Trachymene. From two Greek words signify¬ 
ing a rough membrane, in allusion to the 
coat of the fruit. 
Transversely. Across. 
Trichotomous. Produced in threes. 
Trifid. Three-cleft. 
Trigynia. Three styles. 
Trilobum. Three-lobed. 
Triquetrous. Three-cornered. 
Triternate. A leaf composed of three parts, 
each consisting of three leaflets. 
Trivalve. Thvee-valved; that is, with three 
valve-like openings. 
Truncated. Appearing as if the end had been 
cut off. 
Tubercles. Warts. 
Tubular. Joined together so as to form a tube, 
applied to the hidden part of the Convol¬ 
vulus, &c. 
Tumid. Swollen. 
Turbinate. Having the figure of a top. 
Turgid. Tough, not brittle. 
Umbellata. Umbel-like. 
Umbilical cords. The strings by which the 
seeds are sometimes attached to the ovarv, as 
in the Magnolia. 
Umbilicus. The part by which the seed is 
attached to the placenta. 
Unarmed. Without prickles. 
Undulata. Waved. 
Unguiculate. Clawed ; when the petals of a 
flower become suddenly narrow, like those of 
the Pink or Carnation. 
Unilateral. One-sided. 
Usitatissimum. Much-used. 
Utricle. A little thin bladder or membrane. 
Vernalis. Spring. 
Versatile. Hung so lightly on the stalk as to 
move with every breath. 
Verticillate. Whorled. 
Vexillum. The upper erect part or standard of 
a Pea-flower. 
Villous. Clothed with soft long hairs. 
Violaceum. Violet-coloured. 
Virgate. Rod-like. 
Vulgaris. Common. 
AUTHORITIES AND BOOKS REFERRED TO. 
Adan. Adanson, a French botanist, author of 
the Families des Plantes, &c. 
Ait. William Aiton, Esq., Director of Royal 
Gardens, and author of the Hortus Kewensis. 
All. Allioni, an Italian botanist, author of 
many works. 
Alp. Dec. M. Alphonse De Candolle, son of 
Professor De Candolle, of Geneva. 
Andr. Andrews, author of the Botanical Re¬ 
pository aud other works. 
Balb. Signor Balbis of Turin, author of Flora 
Taurinensis, &c. 
Banks. Sir Joseph Banks. 
Barton. Two American botanists; 
Bauh. Bauliin, two brothers, both eminent 
botanical authors. 
Beauvois. A French botanist, who published 
a work on the plants of Africa in 1818. 
Benth. George Bentham, Esq., Secretary to 
the London Horticultural Society. 
Berg. Bergeret, a French botanist, author of 
a work on the plants found on the Pyrenees. 
Bieb. Marschall de Bieberstein, author of the 
Flora Taurico-Caucasica, and other works, 
Biv. Bivona of Palermo, a Sicilian botanist. 
Bot. Gard. See Maund. 
Bot. The Botanist, conducted by B. Maund, 
Esq., 2 vols. to the end of 1839. 
Bot. Mag. The Botanical Magazine ; con- 1 
ducted first by Mr. Curtis, afterwards by Dr. 
Sims, and now by Sir W. J. Hooker. 65 
vols. to 1839. 
Bot. Reg. The Botanical Register, 25 vols. to 
1840 ; now conducted by Dr. Lindley. 
Brot. Brotero, a Portuguese, author of the 
Flora Lusitanica. 
Buchoz. A French botanical author. 
Bull. Bulliard, a French botanical author. 
Burchell. Author of Travels in South Africa, 
&c. 
Cass. Cassini, an Italian botanist. 
Cav. Cavanilles, Professor of Botany at Madrid. 
Cham. Chamisso, a German naturalist, who 
has long resided in Russia. 
Chav. Chavannes, author of Monographie 
des Antirrhinees, published at Geneva. 
Choisy. A Swiss botanist. 
Church. Churchill’s Medical Botany, 2 vols. 
Clarke. Author of Travels in various countries 
of Europe, &c. 
Coult. Coulter, author of Memoire sur les 
Dipsacees, published at Geneva. 
Crantz. A German botanist, author of many 
works. 
Curtis. A nurseryman at Lambeth, author of 
many works, and who established the Bot. 
Mag. in 1787. 
| Curt. FI. Lond. Curtis’s Flora Londinensis, 
2 vols. 1777. 
Cuun. Cunningham, an English botanist, well 
known for his researches in Australia. 
D. Don. Professor of Botany in the King’s 
College, and Librarian to the Lin. Soc. 
Dec. Professor De Candolle, of Geneva, author 
of many botanical works. 
Del. Delessert, a French botanical author. 
Deppe. One of the writers in the Linna:a. 
Desf. Des Fontaines. A French botanist, 
who travelled in Africa; author of many 
works. 
Dom. Dombcy, a French botanist. 
Donn. Author of Hortus Cautabrigiensis, &c. 
Dougl. Douglas, a collector sent out to Cali¬ 
fornia by the London Horticultural Society. 
Dufr. Dufresne, author of Ilistoire Naturelle, 
&c., de la Famille des Valerianees. 
Dum. Du Mont de Courset; a French bota¬ 
nist, who had a splendid collection of plants 
in his garden near Boulogne. 
Dun. Dunal, a French botanist, author of 
several works. 
Ehret. Author'of Plantse et Papiliones rariores. 
London, 1748. 
