Glaciers and Glacial Radiants—Clay pole. 79 
southward. Dr. Bell has also found evidence of a northward or 
north-eastward movement of glacier-ice in the northern part of 
Hudson bay.” 
The truth regarding the ice-sheet in that portion of North 
America seems therefore to be that there was not a huge accu¬ 
mulation of ice, thousands of feet in thickness over the whole 
northern region of the continent, but that the maximum oc¬ 
curred in the north-east on the highlands of Ontario, Quebec and 
Labrador—in fact around Hudson bay—where the precipitation 
was greatest; and that from this region, as from a radiant, the 
ice floived east, south and west over the lower lands in those 
directions and probably also, as we have seen, over the equally 
lowlands to the northward. No doubt it was everywhere re-in- 
forced with a certain quantity due to local precipitation but this 
was quite inadequate to changing its line of flow or overruling 
the general directing force. 
In thus stating the general direction of the ice-motion we 
do not ignore the fact that over the area above spoken of as the 
midland states a great number of instances may readily he found 
where the striation is in a slightly different direction—as for 
instance south-east or southward. Local causes of course pre¬ 
vailed locally and produced a divergence from the general azi¬ 
muth. But looking at this area as a whole, little exception can 
be taken to the statement made above, especially in the northern 
portion. 
In thus speaking of the Laurentian area as the great centre 
of radiation during the ice-age we do not desire to imply that 
it was the only one. The mountains of New England doubtless 
afforded their quota but at the epoch of greatest extension and 
for a certain time both before and after that date this centre of 
dispersion was completely confluent w ith the Laurentian ice, 
and of so much smaller mass that it might be considered only 
an extension of the Canadian ice-sheet. The same may be 
said of the glaciers which must have formed over the Adiron¬ 
dack region and descended to the surrounding plains. They too 
were merged in the wider flow from the great north-eastern 
radiant so that these three may for present purposes be consid¬ 
ered as practically one. 
In the Arctic regions also we can hardly doubt that other 
ice-centres existed, some of whose glaciers may have become 
