82 Glaciers and Glacial Eadmnts-~C lay pole. 
tains, from the 49th to the 55th degree of latitude, and extend¬ 
ing south over Washington and Idaho territories. He has also 
shown that the ice flowed across the Coast Range and down the 
fiords, which if filled, into the broad channel between Van¬ 
couver Island and the coast. This channel h entirely blocked 
and then escaped into the Pacific ocean through the narrow 
outlets between the islands. He farther states that the coast 
strip of Alaska presents similar features. 
But beyond all this Dr. Dawson now adds that iri the upper 
valleys of the Yukon, along the Pelly and Lewes rivers, at the 
north end of the range above named and on ground not hem¬ 
med in by high land he finds unmistakable evidence of a north¬ 
ward flow. Striated rock-surfaces were found on the Pelly river 
where it 'crosses the 130th. meridian and on the Lewes as far 
north as latitude 61° 40’, of which he says that although local 
variations are met with yet the glaciation is not susceptible of 
explanation by merely local agents but rather implies the pass¬ 
age of a confluent or more or less connected glacier over the 
region. Again he says that the main gathering-ground or n£v£ 
of the great Cordilleran glacier of the west coast of Canada was 
included between the 55th and 59th parallels of latitude in a 
region of exceptionally mountainous character. 
Dr.Dawson sums up in close agreement with the statements 
of this paper that the facts already made known indicate a gen¬ 
eral movement of ice outward from the great Laurentian 
axis or plateau extending from Labrador round the southern 
end of Hudson bay to the Arctic sea while a smaller though 
still very important region of dispersal — the Cordilleran 
glacier-mass — occupied the Rocky mountain region on the west. 
South of the 49fch parallel also there existed a series of radiants 
in the western range whose glaciers spread merely east and west 
because they could find no outlet to the north or south. 
In fact these ranges probably composed an almost continuous 
gathering-ground as far south as Lower California. 
North America when looked at in this light shows us not 
one vast mass of ice covering all the northern part of the con¬ 
tinent; but on the other hand we see a great glacial radiant in 
the northeast sending off its glacial streams to the east, south, 
west and in a less degree to the north, while several other and 
smaller radiants existed in the far west, in . the Cordilleras of 
