178 
The Newark System — Russell. 
experience is, as l have stated, in accepting the metamorphic 
theory in its application to rocks which are plainly irruptive, 
whatever may have been their condition prior to the fusion 
which enabled them to become irruptive. As to the class of 
geologists who are alleged to experience such difficulties, and to 
the narrowness of conception with which they are alleged to be 
afflicted, I may say for myself, that while I admire greatly the 
truly scientific spirit of German research and find it, so far as I 
know it suggestive of the broadest principles, I am neither a 
German geologist, nor a follower of German geologists, nor one 
of those who believe that wisdom will die with German 
geologists. If I must be placed with any school of geology, I 
stand as a humble disciple of the glorious school of British 
geology, whose founder was the immortal Hutton, the teacher 
of the broadest conception of geological history ever penned: 
u In the economy of the world I can find no traces of a begin¬ 
ning, no prospect of an end.” With this conception, modified 
only by cosmical considerations, the discovary of the younger 
age of the Laurentian granite gneisses, relatively to the overly¬ 
ing schists ©f the upper Archaean, is in entire harmony; and 
completes the proof of those great cycles in the evolution of the 
earth’s crust which the genius of Hutton first descried. 
THE NEWARK SYSTEM. 
By Israel C. Russell. 
While writing a review of the Triassic and Jurassic systems 
of North America I have recently had occasion to re-examine 
the literature relating to the red sandstone and associated shale 
and conglomerate along the Atlantic coast which are common¬ 
ly referred to as New Red Sandstone, Triassic, Jura-Trias, etc. 
The distribution of these rocks is well known; they occur 
about the bay of Fundy, in the Connecticut valley, and in de¬ 
tached areas from southern New York to South Carolina, and 
include the Richmond coal-field and the coal bearing strata on 
Deep river and Dan river in North Carolina. 
The terranes here designated have been referred to many 
horizons in the geological column varying from the Silurian to 
the Jurassic, as is indicated in the following table in which the 
