22 
The fundus of the British Barn Owl (Strix flammea) is more 
grayish-red than that of the foregoing. In ordinary daylight and 
even after flashing the light from the ophthalmoscopic mirror into 
his eyes the pupils continue to be round. In a specimen recently 
presented to the London Zoo I could find no trace of chorioidal dis¬ 
ease, and the refraction without a cycloplegic was highly hyper¬ 
metropic. 
The so-called winking owl of Queensland shows an ovoid papilla 
almost entirely obscured by a pecten, from whose apparently per¬ 
forated base a corkscrew-like body extends almost, if not quite, to 
the crystalline lens. 
The eyegrounds of the gulls are well worth examining. These 
birds have excellent monolateral vision, which I have spent some 
time in studying. Although web-footed, the hind toe is free, like 
the other longipennes, and their pointed wings are well fitted for 
rapid flight. The visual aim of the average gull is as accurate at 
close range as that of any of the rap tores. A gull will swoop down 
from a considerable distance and catch unerringly, by means of his 
long, compressed beak, a very small piece of meat or bread thrown 
into the air long before it reaches the ground or surface of the 
water—thus simulating in a small way the exploits of the true 
birds of prey. I have examined, among others, the fundi of sev¬ 
eral specimens of the British Herring Gull, the Yellow-legged Medi¬ 
terranean Gull, and the Greater Black-headed Gull. 
The Herring Gull has a perfectly round, easily contractile pupil; 
the iris is of a beautiful lemon or yellow-white color. This was 
one of the birds in which I felt certain that no such reflex as the 
"consensual” contraction of the pupil could be demonstrated. The 
gulls generally give some trouble with their nictitating membranes 
while using the ophthalmoscope upon them. In the examination 
of most other birds the third eyelid offered no obstruction to a 
fundus view. 
The ocular backgrounds of all the gulls examined by me showed 
very little variation. 
The Greater Black-backed Gull (Larus Marinus) has a back¬ 
ground that, seen with the indirect image, appears dull-gray. A 
direct view shows it to be generally dull-brown, with reddish chori¬ 
oidal vessels running in a vertical direction. The disc is a long. 
