MY 7 1907 
THE EYES AND EYESIGHT OF BIRDS, WITH ESPECIAL 
REFERENCE TO THE APPEARANCES OF 
THE FUNDUS OCULI. 
Casey A. 
Wood, M.D., D.C.L., F.Z.S., Loncl. 
CHICAGO. 
PRELIM I NARY PAPER. 
[Illustrated by two colored plates and eight illustrations in the text.] 
The following studies of the eyes of birds were made chiefly from, 
material supplied by the Gardens of the London Zoological Society., 
for which I am greatly indebted both to the Superintendent, Mr. 
B. I. Pocock, and the Prosector, Mr. F. E. Beddard, F.B.S., 
and from sections of birds’ eyes and brains made for me by Pro¬ 
fessor Slonaker, now of Leland Stanford University. For the 
preparation of microphotographs from these I am indebted to 
Dr. Earl Brown, of Chicago. The paintings of avian fundi de¬ 
scribed in the text were drawn ad naturam by Mr. Arthur W. Head. 
E.Z.S., from birds examined ophthalmoscopically mostly by both 
of us. A portion of this paper was presented to the Ophthalmic 
Section of the American Medical Association at Boston (June, 
1906), illustrated by streopticon slides prepared for me from his 
own drawings by Mr. Head. 
If an apology be needed for an excursion into the little known 
and apparently unproductive domain of comparative ophthalmology 
it will be found in Treacher Collins’ classic Erasmus Wilson Lectures 
on the Anatomy and Pathology of the Eye. He reminds us that 
“there is a law in biology to the effect that the various stages of 
development through which the individual passes typify the history 
of the race.” Furthermore, as he again and again points out in 
the course of these lectures, pathologic changes, including arrest of 
development, often simulate anatomic arrangements that arc nor- 
