26 
RESINS. 
some of the imported varnishes. The matter is well worth 
investigation. 
Resins are also used in medicine, in the manufacture of 
lacquer, and in other arts. 
Ceylon contains, as will be seen from the list below, a good 
many trees which yield valuable resins, but there appears 
to be very little export and the local use is but little, while 
all the varnish used in the Island is apparently imported. 
Some of the local resins are used medicinally. It is hoped 
to carry out a series of experiments upon the uses of the 
local resins. Attention may be specially drawn to Calo- 
phyllum, Canarium, Dipterocarpus, Doona, Garcinia, 
Semecarpus, Styrax, Yateria, Yatica, below. 
The market value of resins varies very much, according 
to the kind and quality. Common copals, &c., vary from 
£3 to £20 per cwt. In preparing a resin for market, 
especially a resin of any hitherto unfamiliar kind, the 
remarks above made under gums, as to cleanliness, absence 
of any admixture of foreign bodies or other resins, and sort¬ 
ing into qualities, apply with the same force. 
A.—STAPLE RESINS . 
COPAL OR ANIME RESINS .—These are hard resins 
melting at high temperatures. Their botanical source varies, 
and has yet to be satisfactorily made out in many cases. 
Several of the African copals are dug from the ground, 
having flowed from trees that formerly existed there. The 
best kinds come from Zanzibar, often via Bombay (these 
are often sold as “ Bombay ”), and from Madagascar. Kauri 
copal from Australia and New Zealand is the product of the 
Coniferous tree Agathis australis, Steud. (the Kauri or 
Cowrie Pine), and other species of Agathis ; it is also often 
dug up in a tuberous form. Manila copal, from the East 
Indian Archipelago, formerly supposed to be derived from 
