28 
RESINS. 
Canarium commune, L. (Java Almond, introduced into 
Ceylon), a sticky yellowish-green resin. Others are American. 
Ceylon has several species of this family, but none (except 
Canarium zeylanicum, q. v.) known to yield good elemis ; 
further study is however required. 
GAMBOGE .—This is a gum-resin, derived from Garcinia 
Hanburyi, Hk., f. in Siam and S.E. Asia,and from G. Morelia, 
Desr. (Gokatu, S.), in Ceylon. The former is often re¬ 
garded as only a variety of the latter. Other species of this 
genus are also used. Gamboge is chiefly exported from 
Bangkok, Saigon, and Singapore. It is collected in Siam, 
&c., from definite incisions made in the tree, often spiral 
cuts, at the foot of which are placed small tubes of bamboo, 
in which the resin is collected and dried ; the gamboge is 
then removed and exported as “ pipe ” gamboge, the best 
quality. In Ceylon but little is collected ; strips of bark 
about an inch wide are taken off, the gamboge runs out and 
hardens, and is then broken off. 
The freshly broken surface is reddish-yellow to brownish- 
red. When rubbed with w T ater, gamboge makes the familiar 
emulsion used for painting. It is used for colouring spirit 
varnishes, in metal varnishes, gold size, and in medicine. 
The market value of good pipe is now £16 to £17 per cwt. 
RESIN {COMMON ).—The common market resins or 
rosins are the products left behind when turpentines are 
distilled as described below. Some of them are known as 
white pitch or colophony. They are used in varnish, lacquer, 
in resin-soaps, glue, &c. 
TURPENTINE , often confused with Oil of Turpentine, 
is the name under which the balsams of the pines, spruces, 
firs, larches, and a few other conifers are classified. They 
are chiefly derived from Europe and N. America, and are 
usually obtained by tapping the trees in various ways. They 
