30 
RESINS. 
Canarium bengalense,Hoxh., in Assam, &c., introduced at Peradeniya 
in 1881, yields an inferior copal-like resin, used in India as incense, 
and sold at Rs. 3 per maund in Calcutta. C. commune , L., the Java 
Almond, introduced into Ceylon before 1824 from the Malay Archi¬ 
pelago, is supposed to be the source of Manila Elemi (see above). 
C. strictum , Roxb., of S. India, introduced at Peradeniya in 1891, yields 
Black Dammar. Vertical cuts are made in the bark, and the base of 
the stem is fired by means of brushwood piled against it. The 
dammar begins to flow two years later, and the flow is said to last ten 
years. The resin is useful for varnishes, &c., but is too expensive to 
compete on the market with the cheaper resins (Watt). C. zeylanicum , 
Bl. (Kekuna, S. ; Pakkilipal, T. ; Fl. Cey., I., 239), common in the low 
wet country, endemic, yields large quantities of a gum-resin like 
Manila Elemi (q.v.), clear, fragrant, and balsam-like. It is used 
locally for fumigation, and occasionally for lights in houses when 
mixed with sand. 
Carapa moluccensis, Lam. (Fl. Cey., I., 251), in mangrove swamps on 
W. coast, is said to yield a brown resin. 
Convolvulus Scammonia , L., in the Mediterranean region, cultivated 
in India, is the source of the gum-resin Scammony. 
Copaifera officinalis , L., in Central America and the West Indies, 
introduced at Peradeniya in 1880, is the source of Copaiba, which is 
largely used in medicine, paper-making, varnish, and lacquer. The 
method of tapping it is said to be to cut a hole a foot square into the 
heartwood of the tree, sloping forwards ; a tree is said to give as 
much as 15 gallons. 
Dœmonorops ( Calamus ) Draco , Bl., in the Malay Archipelago, is the 
source of Indian Dragon’s Blood. The fruit scales, which are coated 
with a red resin, are shaken in bags till the resin comes oft as a 
powder, which is made into sticks or cakes. It is used in red spirit 
varnishes, in furniture polish, and in medicine. 
Dipterocarpus alatus , Roxb., Assam and Malaya, introduced at 
Peradeniya in 1880, and other species of D. yield Gurjun Oil or Wood 
Oil (market value about 5d. per lb.), used in medicine and for varnish 
and lacquer. The method employed to obtain it in Cochin China is 
to bore holes in the stem and light fires near. One tree is said to 
yield 50 gallons. D. glandulosus , Thw. (Dorana, S. ; Fl. Cey., I., 115), 
rare in wet low-country, yields a blackish resinous oil (Dorana-tel, 
S.), said to be a good substitute for Gurjun Oil, and used in the 
Leper Hospital at Colombo (and see Vateria). D. hispidus , Thw. 
(Bu-hora, S. ; Fl. Cey., I., 114), found near Ratnapura, yields an 
aromatic gum-resin from the wood. D. zeylanicus } Thw. (Hora, S.; 
Fl. Cey., I., 114), common in the moist low-country, endemic, gives a 
grayish-green gum-resin. All of these are worth further investi¬ 
gation. 
