COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
82 
Indeed, it is common for Fishes to disgorge the indigesti¬ 
ble parts of their food, and some, as the Carp, send the 
food back to the pharynx to be masticated. The stomach 
is usually bent, like a siphon \ but the intestine is nearly 
straight, and without any marked distinction into small 
and large. Its appendages are a large liver and a rudi¬ 
mentary pancreas. 
In the Amphibians, as the Frogs, the digestive apparatus 
is very similar to that of Fishes; but the two portions of 
the intestine can be more readily 
distinguished. The Reptilesgen¬ 
erally have a long, wide gullet, 
which passes insensibly into the 
stomach, and a short intestine 
(about twice the length of the 
body) very distinctly divided into 
small and large by a constric¬ 
tion. 43 The vegetable - feeding 
Tortoises have a comparatively ‘ 
long intestinal tube; . and the 
Serpents have a slender stomach, 
but little wider than the rest of 
Fig. 47.— Auatomy of a Cepimiopod the alimentary canal. 
testine; k, anus; l, funnel; m, J ini 
* ink-bag; «, ovary; o, oviduct; p , sembles that of the Cuttle-fish, but 
“liver”; r, gill contained in the 
branchial chamber; «, branchial Ottei'S a Still more Striking analogy 
heart; t, systemic heart; v, mantle. to the g i zzar d 0 f a Bird, having 
very thick walls, and the muscular fibres radiating pre¬ 
cisely in the same manner, so that, in this respect, the 
Crocodile may be considered the connecting link between 
Reptiles and Birds. 44 In Crocodiles also the duodenum, 
with which the intestine begins, is first distinctly defined. 
Into this part of the intestine the liver and pancreas, or 
sweet-bread, pour their secretions. Furthermore, in the 
