VERTEBRATA. 
355 
into webbed paddles for swimming, the binder ones being 
bound in with the skin of the tail. Such are the Seals, 
Walrus, and Eared Seals, or Sea-lions, b. Plantigrades , in 
which the whole, or nearly the whole, of the hind-foot 
forms a sole, and rests on the ground. The claws are not 
retractile; the ears are small, and tail short. Bears,Bad¬ 
gers, and Raccoons are well-known examples, c. Pigiti- 
grades keep the heel raised above the ground, walking on 
the toes. The majority have long tails. Such are the 
Weasels, Otters, Civets, Hyenas, Foxes, Jackals, Wolves, 
Dogs, Cats, Panthers, Leopards, Tigers, and Lions. The 
Fig. 350.—Southern Sea-lion (Otaria jubata). Antarctic Ocean. 
last five differ from all others in having retractile claws, 
and the radius rotating freely on the ulna. The Cats 
have thirty teeth; the Dogs, forty-two, or twelve more 
molars. In the former, the tongue is prickly; in the 
latter, smooth. 
12 . Prosimii or Lemurs. These singular mammals, 
sometimes included in the next order, have affinities wdth 
Rodents, Insectivora, and Primates. They are covered 
with soft fur, have usually a long tail, pointed ears, fox¬ 
like muzzle, and curved nostrils. They walk on all fours, 
and the thumb and great toe are generally opposable to 
the digits. The second toe has a long, pointed claw in- 
