160 
POPULAR FLORA. 
4. Sarsaparilla A. Roots very long and slender, horizontal (used as a substitute for sarsaparilla); 
the compound long-stalked leaf, and the naked flower-stalk bearing few umbels, rising separately 
from the ground. Moist woods. A. nudicaulis. 
Ginseng. Aralia , § Ginseng. 
Styles 2 or 3. Flowers white. Berries red or reddish when ripe. Low herbs with simple stems, 
bearing at the top a whorl of leaves and one long-stalked umbel. 
1. True Ginseng. Root long and large, warm-aromatic; leaflets 5. Rich woods, N. A. quinquefolia. 
2. Dwarf G. (or Groundnut). Root round, sharp-tasted; leaflets 3 or 5; stem 4' to 6' high. Damp 
woods, N. FI. spring. A. trifolia. 
45. CORNEL FAMILY. Order CORNACE^E. 
Shrubs or trees (except our Dwarf Cornel), the calyx coherent with the ovary, which 
makes a berry-like stone-fruit; represented (except 
by the Tupelo or Pepperidge-tree, Nyssa , here 
omitted) only by the genus 
1. Cornel (or Dogwood). Cornus. 
Petals 4 and stamens 4, on the ovary. Teeth of the calyx 
4, very small. Style 1. Ovary 2-celled, in fruit berry-like 
with a 2-seeded stone. Leaves entire, opposite, except in 
No. 7. Flowers in spring or early summer. 
* Flowers greenish, in a head, which is surrounded by a 
4-leaved involucre resembling a large white corolla ; 
fruit bright red. 
1. Dwarf Cornel (or Bunchberry). Herb low, with 4 
or 6 leaves near the top. Damp woods. C. Canadensis. 
2. Flowering C. or Dogwood. Tree; leaves of the co- 
rolla-like involucre obcordate. C. fiorida. 
* * Flowers white, in flat and open cymes: shrubs 
3. Round-leaved C. Branches greenish, warty-dotted ; 
leaves round-oval, woolly beneath ; fruit pale blue. 
Woods. C. circinata. 
4. Silky C. Branches purple ; young stalks and lower 
side of the ovate or oblong leaves silky woolly; fruit 
pale blue. Swamps. C. serxcea. 
5. Red-Osier C. Branches red-purple; leaves ovate, smooth, white and roughish beneath; fruit 
white. Wet banks of streams. C. stolonifera. 
6. Panicled C. Branches gray; leaves lance-ovate; cymes convex; fruit white. C.yaniculata. 
7. Alternate-leaved C. Branches greenish streaked with white; leaves crowded at the ends of 
the shoots, but alternate; leaves pointed; fruit bright blue. Hill-sides. C. alternifblia. 
385. Dwarf Cornel. 386. A separate flower 
enlarged. 387. A fruit cut across. 
