166 
POPULAR FLORA. 
there are five chaffy and pointed scales (Fig. 409). But more commonly the pappus con¬ 
sists of bristles, or downy hairs (as its name denotes). Asters, Groundsels, and especially 
Thistles, afford most familiar examples of such a 
hairy or downy pappus; those of Thistles, &c. 
in autumn sailing about in every breeze. Fig. 
411 shows the very soft downy pappus of Sow- 
Thistle. Fig. 410, that of the Dandelion; this is 
raised upon a long beak to the akene, which 
lengthens greatly after flowering. 
This family contains about an eighth or tenth 
part of all Flowering plants. But it is too diffi- 
404 . Half of a head of flowers of Coreopsis. cult for the beginner. So we here barely men¬ 
tion a few of the common plants which belong to it. 
Ray-flower, 
neutral. 
405. Slice of the same, enlarged, with one ray-flower, and part of another, and one perfect disk-flower (a), with its bract or chaff (6). 
1 . Among those which have no rays, or strap-shaped corollas, are Thistles, Burdock , 
Everlasting and Cudweed , Wormwood, Thoroughwort or 
Eupatorium, Button-Snakeroot, and Ironweed. 
2 . With rays or strap-shaped corollas at the margin 
(either neutral or pistillate), and tubular flowers in the 
centre; Coltsfoot, Aster, Fleabane, Daisy, Golden-rod, 
Sunflower, Coreopsis, Mayweed, Chamomile, $fc. 
3. With all the flowers strap-shaped and perfect (and 
in tills division the plants have a milky juice): Cichory or Succory (Fig. 402), Salsify, 
Hawkweed, Sow-thistle, Dandelion, and Lettuce. 
