202 
POPULAR FLORA. 
Pine. Pinus. 
* Leaves 2 or 3 in a sheath, rigid: bark of tree robgh: scales of the cones woody, thickened on the 
back at the end, and commonly tipped with a prickly point. 
1. Jersey or Scrub Pine. Leaves in twos, only about 2' long. A straggling tree, S. & E. P. inops. 
2. Red Pine (wrongly called Nonoay Pine ); leaves in twos, 5' or 6' long; scales of the cones not 
pointed. A large tree, N. P. resinosa. 
3. Yellow Pine. Leaves slender, in twos or threes, 3' to 5' long; cones small, their scales tipped 
with a weak prickly point. P. mitis. 
4. Pitch Pine. Leaves rigid, dark green, in threes, 3' to 5' long; cones with a stout prickly point 
(Fig. 224). Common N. P. rigida. 
5. Loblolly Pine. Leaves in threes, 6' to 10' long, light green; cones 3' to 5' long. Light or ex¬ 
hausted soil. S. P. Taedci. 
6. Long-leayed Pine. Leaves in threes, 8' to 11' long, dark green; cones 6' to 8' long. Common 
S. & E. P. australis. 
* * Leaves 5 together, slender: bark of young tree smooth: scales of cone naked and not thickened. 
7. White Pine. Leaves pale green; cones narrow, 4' or 5' long, hanging. A large tree, in moist 
woods North, with soft light wood. P. Strobus. 
Larch. Larix. 
1. American Larch or Tamarack. Leaves very slender, short; cones not over 1' long, of few 
rounded scales. Swamps, N. L. Americana. 
2. European Larch. A cultivated tree, with longer leaves and much larger cones than our wild 
species, the scales three times as many. L. Europcea. 
Fir or Spruce. Abies. 
* Cones upright on short side-shoots, falling into pieces when ripe, the scales separating from the axis; 
leaves flat, becoming more or less 2-ranked, whitish beneath. 
1. Balsam Fir. Leaves narrowly linear; cones cylindrical, 3' or 4' long, 1' thick, bluish. Damp 
woods and swamps, N. A. balsamea. 
* * Cones hanging from the ends of branches, not falling to pieces. 
2. Hemlock Spruce. Leaves linear, flat, V long, 2-ranked; cones oval, V long. Hills. A. Canadensis. 
3. Black Spruce. Leaves needle-shaped, 4-sided, not 2-ranked, uniformly green; cones ovate, 1' to 
IP long, with thin edged scales. Swamps and cold woods. A. nigra. 
4. White or Single Spruce. Cones oblong-cylindrical, 1' or 2' long, the scales with thickish edges: 
otherwise nearly like the last: found only at the North. A. alba. 
6. Norway Spruce. Cones cylindrical, 5' to 7' long; leaves ( longer than in our wild species. A 
handsomer tree, from Europe, now commonly planted as an evergreen. A. excelsa. 
Juniper. Juniperus. 
1. Common Juniper. Shrub spreading; leaves in whorls of three, linear-awl-shaped, prickly-pointed, 
green beneath, white above; berries dark purple. Dry hills, N. J. communis. 
2. Savin J. or Red Cedar. Shrub or tree; leaves small and much crowded, awl-shaped and loose 
on vigorous shoots; on others smaller, scale-like, and closely overlying each other in 4 ranks; 
berries purplish with a white bloom. Dry hills. Wood reddish, very durable. J. Virginiana. 
