THE ALIMENTARY CANAL. 
87 
etc.; and the abdomen, containing the stomach, intes¬ 
tines, etc. The oesophagus passes through a slit in the 
Fig. 52.—Ideal Section of a Mammalian Vertebrate: A, pectoral, or fore limb; B 
pelvic, or hind limb: a, mouth; 6, cerebrum; c, cerebellum; d, nose; e, eye; f 
ear; g, oesophagus; h, stomach ; i, intestine; j, diaphragm, or midriff; k, rectum 
or termination of intestine; l, anus; m, liver; n , spleen; o, kidney; p, sympa 
thetic system of nerves; 3, pancreas; r, urinary bladder; a, spinal cord; u, ure 
ter; v, vertebral column; w, heart; a;, lung; y, trachea, or windpipe; z, epi 
glottis. 
diaphragm, and almost immediately expands into the 
stomach. 
In the majority of Mammals, the stomach is a muscular 
bag of an irregular- oval shape, lying obliquely across the 
abdomen. In the Flesh-eaters, whose food is easy of solu¬ 
tion, the stomach is usually simple, and lies nearly in the 
course of the alimentary ca¬ 
nal ; but in proportion as the 
food departs more wddely 
in its composition from the 
body itself, and is therefore 
more difficult to digest, we 
find the stomach increasing- 
in size and complexity, and 
turned aside from the gen¬ 
eral course of the canal, so as 
to retain the food a longer 
time. The inlet, or open¬ 
ing, into the oesophagus is called cardiac ; the outlet, or 
Fig. 53.— Section of Horse’s Stomach: A, 
left sac; B, right sac; C, duodenum. 
