CONTENTS 
XV 
THE ROOT.—Definition; functions; root hairs; root cap; generative 
tissues; differences between root and stem. 
CLASSIFICATION OF ROOTS AS TO FORM.—Primary root; tap 
root; secondary roots; fibrous and fleshy roots; anomalous 
roots; adventitious roots; epiphytic roots; haustoria. 
CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS ACCORDING TO DURATION 
OF ROOT.—Annual; Biennial; Perennial. 
ROOT HISTOLOGY.— A. Monocotyledons. B. Dicotyledons; Histol¬ 
ogy and Development of the California Privet root; Abnormal 
structure of Dicotyl roots; Histology of a Dicotyl Tuberous 
Root, Aconitum. 
ROOT TUBERCLES.—Definition; occurrence on roots of Leguminosae, 
Myricaceae, etc.; their etiology. 
THE BUD.—Definition; plumule, scaly buds, naked buds; Classifica¬ 
tion of Buds According to Position on Stem: terminal bud; 
axillary or lateral bud; adventitious bud; accessory bud. 
Classification of Buds According to Development: leaf bud; 
flower bud and mixed bud. Classification of Buds According 
to their Arrangement on the Stem: alternate; opposite; 
whorled.. 
THE STEM.—Definition; direction of growth; functions; size; nodes 
and internodes; stem elongation; duration of stems; stem 
modifications; above ground stems; herb and tree defined; 
underground stems; exogenous and endogenous stems. . . . 
STEM HISTOLOGY.—Annual Dicotyl; Perennial Dicotyl; Excep¬ 
tional Types of Dicotyl Stems; Lenticels and Their Forma¬ 
tion; Annual Thickening of Stems; Method of formation; 
“Annual Ring.” Bark: Definition; zones; Periderm; Phello- 
derm; Histology of Cascara Sagrada bark. Wood: alburnum; 
duramen; microscopic characteristics of Angiospermous and 
Gymnospermous woods; Histology of Typical Herbaceous 
Monocotyl Stems; Histology of Typical Woody Monocotyl 
Stem. 
THE LEAF.—Definition; leaf functions: photosynthesis; assimilation; 
respiration; transpiration. 
TYPES OF LEAVES DEVELOPED IN ANGIOSPERMS.—Cotyle¬ 
dons; Scale leaves; Foliage leaves; Bract leaves: bracts and 
bracteoles; Sepals; Petals; Microsporophylls; Megasporophylls 
Pages 
121-123 
123- 124 
124 
124- 132 
132-135 
135 - 136 
136- 140 
140-154 
155 
155-156 
