) TC. bC * 
i 
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION 
The author has first endeavored to present in a clear, systematic 
way those fundamental principles of structural and taxonomic 
botany which serve as a key to the approach of pharmacognic 
problems. But he has not been unmindful that the use of the work 
has extended to academic institutions and, so, in this edition, has 
broadened the scope of the former text. To this end about ninety 
additional pages of subject matter have been introduced. Several 
old cuts have been removed. Forty-three new ones have been in¬ 
serted. Hypothetical discussions have been avoided which saves 
time for the reader. 
The arrangement and plan of the chapters are similar to that of 
the former edition, in order to adapt the work to several methods of 
approach. Chapter I on “Fundamental Considerations” has been 
augmented by treatises on Botanical Nomenclature, Paraffine and 
Celloidin Imbedding, Sectioning, Staining and Mounting, Micro¬ 
tomes and other information dealing with the preparation of materials 
for microscopic examination. 
Ten pages have been added to Chapter V on Cytology. Under 
“Protoplasm and its Properties,” six pages have been written on 
the subject of Irritability and Irritable Reactions. Under “ Non- 
Pro toplasmic Cell Contents” several additional commercial starches 
are discussed and two original plates on starch grains added. Addi¬ 
tional cuts on Collenchyma, Stone Cells, Sclerenchyma Fibers, 
Trichomes and Fibrovascular Bundles have been inserted in Chapter 
VI. 
Nine additional pages of subject matter and illustrations have been 
added to Chapter VII. Original figures of all of the important 
types of fruits appear here for the first time. 
vii 
