PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
158 
inflexed or reclinate vernation; if doubled on the midrib so that 
the two halves are brought together as in the Oak or Peach, it is 
conduplicate; when rolled inward from one margin to the other, as 
in the Wild Cherry, it is convolute; when rolled from apex to base, 
as in Ferns, it is circinate; when folded or plaited, like a fan as in 
Ricinus, Maples, Aralias, etc., it is plicate; if rolled inward from each 
margin toward the midrib on the upper side, as the leaves of the 
Apple or Violet, involute; when rolled outward from each margin as 
Pig. 82 .—Stereogram of leaf structure. Part of a veinlet is shown on the right. 
Intercellular spaces are shaded. (From Stevens.) 
Dock or Willow leaves, revolute. The inner surface is always that 
which will form the upper surface when expanded. 
The Complete Leaf. —The leaf when complete consists of three 
parts, lamina , petiole , and stipules. The lamina or blade is the ex¬ 
pansion of the stem into a more or less delicate framework, made up 
of the branching vessels of the petiole. 
The petiole is the leaf stalk. The stipules are leaf-like appendages 
appearing at the base of the petiole. 
