i66 
PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
apex of .the petiole. When these are two in number the leaf is 
bifoliate , or binate; if three in number, trifoliate, or ternate, as in 
Menyanthes; when four in number, quadrifoliate, etc. If each of 
the leaflets of a palmately compound leaf divides into three, the leaf 
is called biternate; if this form again divides, a triternate leaf results. 
Beyond this point the leaf is known as decompound. In the case 
of pinnately-compound leaves, when division progresses so as to 
separate what would be a leaflet into two or more, the leaf becomes 
bipinnate , as the compound leaves of Acacia Senegal or on the new 
wood of Gleditschia; if these become again divided, as in many 
Acacia species, the leaf is termed tripinnate. Examples of decom¬ 
pound leaves seen in Cimicifuga and Parsley. 
Leaf Texture.—Leaves are described as: 
Membranous , when thin and pliable, as Coca. 
Succulent , when thick and fleshy, as Aloes, and Live Forever. 
Coriaceous , when thick and leathery, as Eucalyptus, Uva Ursi 
and Magnolia. 
Leaf Color.— Petaloid, when of some brilliant color different from 
the usual green, as the Coleus and Begonia, and other plants which • 
are prized for the beauty of their foliage rather than their blossoms. 
Leaf Surface.—Any plant surface is: 
* Glabrous , when perfectly smooth and free from hairs or protuber¬ 
ances. Example: Tulip. 
Glaucous , when covered with bloom, as the Cabbage leaf. 
Pellucid-punctate , when dotted with oil glands, as the leaves of 
the Orange family. 
Scabrous leaves have a rough surface with minute, hard points. 
Pubescent, covered with short, soft hairs. Example: Strawberry. 
Villose, covered with long and shaggy hairs. Exampler Forget- 
me-not. 
Sericious, silky. Example: Silverleaf. 
Hispid, when covered with short, stiff hairs. Example: Borage. 
Tomentose, densely pubescent and felt-like, as the Mullein leaf. 
Spinose, beset with spines, as in the Thistle. 
Rugose, when wrinkled. Example: Sage. 
Verrucose, covered with protuberances or warts, as the calyx of 
Chenopodium. 
