184 
PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
In a gamosepalous calyx, when the union of sepals is incomplete, 
the united portion is called the tube, the free portion, the limb, the 
orifice of the tube, the throat. 
In form the calyx may be regular or irregular; regular, if its parts 
are evenly developed, and irregular if its parts differ in size and 
shape. The more common forms are tubular, resembling a tube; 
rotate, or wheel-shape; campanulate, or bell-shaped; urceolate or 
urn-shape; hypocrateriform, or salver-shape; bilabiate, or two¬ 
lipped; corresponding to the different forms of corolla, under which 
examples illustrating each will be given. 
The calyx usually remains after the corolla and stamens have 
fallen, sometimes even until the fruit matures—in either case it is 
said to be persistent. If it falls with the corolla and stamens, it is 
deciduous, and if when the flower opens, caducous, as in the Poppy 
and May-apple. It often more or less envelops the ovary or base of 
the pistil, and it is important, in plant analysis, to note the presence 
or absence of such a condition, which is indicated in a description by 
the terms inferior, or non-adherent (hypogynous), when free from 
the ovary and inserted upon the receptacle beneath it (the most 
simple and primitive position); half-superior, or half-adherent (peri- 
gynous), when it partially envelops the ovary, as in the Cherry; 
superior or adherent (epigynous), when it completely envelops it, 
as in the Colocynth, etc. 
Sepaline Spurs.—Occasionally some or all of the sepals may 
become pouched and at length spurred as nectar receptacles or as 
receptacles for other parts that are nectariferous. Thus, in Cru- 
ciferce we occasionally see a slight pouching of the two lateral sepals. 
These act as nectar pouches for the nectar secreted by the knobs or 
girdles surrounding the short lateral stamens. These become deep 
pouches in Lunaria while in others the pouches become elongated 
spurs. Again, in Delphinium, the posterior sepal forms an elongated 
spur into which pass the two spurred nectariferous petals. In 
Aconitum the same sepal, instead of being spurred, forms an enlarged 
hood-like body (galea) arching over the flower like a helmet; into 
this pass the two hammer-shaped nectariferous petals. 
Sepaline Stipules.—These structures are well developed and easily 
traceable in the more primitive herbaceous members of the Rose 
