208 
PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
Roses consists of a number of akenes in a ripened concave 
receptacle. 
The Utricle is like the akene, except that the enveloping calyx is % 
lodse and bladder-like. Example: Chenopodium, Fig. ioi (3). 
A Caryopsis or Grain is similar to an akene but differs from it by 
the pericarp being always fused with the seed coat. This fruit is 
Fig. ioi. —Achenial fruits. 1, Akene of Pulsatilla cut vertically, showing 
adherent feathery style ( st), pericarp (p), testa (t ), endosperm ( e ), hypocotyl ( h ) 
and cotyledons (cot) the last two structures making up the embryo; 2, caryopsis 
of wheat showing beard of hairs above and position of embryo of seed below; 
3, utricle of Chenopodium cut vertically to show calyx (c), pericarp ( p ) and seed 
(s) regions; 4, nut of an oak consisting of a glans (g) and cupule ( cu ). 
more likely than any other to be mistaken for a seed. Examples: 
Wheat, Corn, Barley, Oats and other members of the Graminece, 
Fig. 101 (2). 
A Nut or Gians is a one-celled, one-seeded fruit with a leathery 
or stony pericarp. Examples: Oaks, Beeches, Chestnuts, Alders 
and Palms, Fig. 101 (4). 
IV. Baccate Fruits (Succulent fruits in which the endocarp is 
always succulent and the mesocarp sometimes).—The Berry is a 
small fleshy fruit with a thin membranous epicarp and a succulent 
interior in which the seeds are imbedded. Examples: Capsicum, 
Tomato, Belladonna, Grape, Currant, etc. 
