: TAXONOMY — 299 
ers generally hermaphroditic and borne in spikelets, making 
up a spicate inflorescence. Lowest floral leaves of each spikelet are 
called glumes, which are empty and paired. Fruit, a caryopsis or 
grain. Embryo with scutellum. Seeds, albuminous. Seed coat 
fused with fruit coat to form one layer. 
Official drug 
.Si. _ ; 
Part use d 
Botanical name 
Habitat 
Triticum 
Rhizome and. roots Agropyron repens 
Europe and Asia 
Saccharum' ‘ 
Refined'sugar 
* Saccharum 
Tropics 
' v - 
» “.. i * ' 
officinarum 
Beta vulgaris var. 
Germany 
Maltum 
Seed, partially 
Rapa 
and Sorghum sp. 
Hordeum sativum 
Asia and Africa 
Asia 
Amylum 
germinated and 
dried 
Starch 
Zea Mays 
Mexico 
Zea N.F. 
Styles and stigmas Zea Mays 
Mexico 
II. Order Principles. —Palmece or Palm Family .—Tropical or sub¬ 
tropical shrubs, rarely trees, having unbranched trunks which are 
terminated by a crown of leaves, in the axils of which the flowers are 
produced. The leaves are well developed with pinnate or palmate 
blades and a fibrous sheathed clasping petiole. The flowers are 
small, of one or two sexes, and crowded on a spike or spadix, which is 
subtended by a large bract, or spathe which may become woody, as 
in the Cocoanut Palm. The perianth consists of 6 parts in 2 whorls 
(3 sepals and 3 petals) or it may be inconspicuous or absent. The 
stamens are 6 in number, rarely 3, inserted below the ovary. The 
ovary is superior, of 3 cells, with central placenta. The fruit is 
either a nut, with leathery epicarp, fibrous or cellular mesocarp and 
thin membranous endocarp, or a drupe (Cocoanut) with leathery 
epicarp, broadly fibrous mesocarp and stony endocarp, or a berry 
as in the Date Palm, Phoenix , with membranous epicarp, succulent 
mesocarp and soft succulent endocarp. The seeds are albuminous 
with the reserve food frequently in the form of hard cellulose (ivory- 
nut-palm). 
