392 
PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
Scorphulariacece or Figwort Family. —Herbs ( Linaria, Verbascum, 
Gerardia, Digitalis, etc.), shrubs (shrubby Veronicas, etc.), rarely 
trees ( Paulownia imperialis). Stem, branches and leaves usually 
green and independently vegetating, but in Pedicularis, Gerardia, 
Euphrasia, Buchner a, Rhinanthus, etc., the stem, leaves, and 
branches are condensed from the development of a parasitic root 
habit. Stems cylindrical to frequently quadrangular, especially 
when leaves are opposite. Leaves alternate to opposite and decus¬ 
sate, simple, exstipulate, often hairy, but becoming by drought or 
Fig. 229.—Nightshade, or bittersweet ( Solatium Dulcamara). (Gager.) 
parasiticism reduced to scales or almost absorbed. Inflorescence a 
raceme of cymes {Paulownia) or a simple raceme {Foxglove, Linaria, 
etc.) or spike {Verbascum Thapsus) or, if leaves are opposite, often a 
whorl of axillary flowers or solitary axillary flowers. Flowers rarely 
regular, mostly irregular; calyx of five sepals condensed in Veronica 
to four through absorption of one sepal by fusion of two sepals; 
corolla of five to four petals, deeply synpetalous, varying from rotate 
{Verbascum Blattaria, etc.) to irregular tubular to elongate, irregular 
bilabiate to funnel-shaped. In color, corolla varies from greenish 
