TAXONOMY 
395 
more rarely whorled, entire, exstipulate. Inflorescence a raceme of 
condensed cymes, becoming a simple raceme or spike, rarely con¬ 
densed into a solitary terminal inflorescence. Flowers hermaphro¬ 
dite, usually irregular; calyx five-cleft; corolla hypogynous, 
gamopetalous, more or less bilabiate, funnel-form and composed of 
five sepals; stamens usually four {Ruellia, etc.), occasionally reduced 
to two, as in genus Dianther a, didynamous or diandrous, epipetalous; 
pistil bicarpellate; ovary two-celled, superior, with numerous cam- 
pylotropal ovules; style terminal, filiform. Fruit a capsule contain¬ 
ing numerous curved seeds. The family is of pharmaceutic interest 
mainly because of Ruellia ciliosa, a pubescent perennial herb growing 
in the Eastern United States, whose rhizome and roots have fre¬ 
quently been admixed with or substituted for Spigelia. 
Verbenacece or Vervain Family. —Herbs {Verbena), Shrubs (Clar- 
odendron), rarely trees ( Tectona or Teak-wood) whose stems and 
branches are usually quadrangular and rarely scented. Leaves 
generally opposite, exstipulate, simple or compound. Inflorescence 
a terminal panicle of spikes ( Verbena hastata ), a cyme ( Callicarpa) 
or head ( Lippia lanceoiata). Flowers white, pink or blue ( Verbena 
hastata) irregular, more or less 2-lipped; calyx gamosepalous, 
tubular; corolla gamopetalous, hypogymous with a 4-5 fid limb; 
stamens generally 4, didynamous and inserted on the corolla tube 
or throat; pistil of 2-4 carpels, a terminal style and undivided stigma. 
Fruit a drupe or 2 to 4 celled berry, usually splitting into as many 
nutlets. Seeds exalbuminous. 
Official drug Part used Botanical origin Habitat 
Verbena N. F. Overground portion Verbena hastata United States 
Labiatce {.Lamiacece) or Mint Family. —Herbs producing creeping 
runners that spread out and root at the nodes. Stems quadrangular, 
rarely cylindrical in outline. Leaves opposite, decussate, mainly 
petiolate; leaf margin nearly always serrate, dentate or crenate. 
Stems and leaves further characterized by the presence of glandular 
hairs containing aromatic volatile oil. These hairs consist of a 
short one-celled stalk and a head (gland) of six or eight cells. Inflo¬ 
rescence a raceme or spike of verticillasters (double dichesial cymes) 
or, as in the Ground Ivy, a reduced verticillaster. Flowers typically 
