404 
PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
florets that maybe: (a) wholly regular, tubular and hermaphrodite 
(Thistle, etc.); or ( b ) central florets as in (a), but marginals strap¬ 
shaped or ligulate and usually pistillate (Daisy, Dahlia, etc.); or 
(c) florets all ligulate and hermaphrodite (Dandelion, Chicory, etc.); 
or ( d ) florets in part or in whole bilabiate (Mutisia, etc.). Flowers 
Fig. 235. —Capitulum of a composite Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus 
tuberosus). A, lengthwise section of capitulum, X 1 , B, ray flower, X 6; C, disk 
flower, cut lengthwise, X 6. (A after Baillon, B and C, Robbins .) 
small (florets) closely crowded, pentamerous, shaped as above, with 
ovary inferior and other floral parts superior. Sepals rudimentary, 
tooth-like (Sunflower), or reduced to a pappose or hairy rudiment 
above ovary that is functionless during flowering, but that expands in 
fruit as a hairy fruit disseminator (Dandelion, Thistle, etc.); or 
sepals wholly absorbed (Daisy). Petals synpetalous, tubular, ligu- 
