GLOSSARY 
415 
Cir'cinate.—Rolled inward from apex toward base, as the young leaves of ferns. 
Circumscis'sile.—Applied to the splitting open of capsules transversely into 
lid and pot portions. 
Clad'ode.—A flattened branch which somewhat resembles a leaf. 
Claw.—The narrowed base of some petals, as those of the Pink Family. 
Cleistog'amous.—Applied to flowers that never open but are self fertilized, as 
in some Polygalas and Violets. 
Coch'lea.—A spirally coiled legume. 
Coe'nocyte.—A multinucleate cell. 
Cohe'sion.—The union of parts of the same whorl. 
Co'hort.—A group of natural orders. 
Coleorhi'za.—A root sheath. 
Collat'eral.—Applied to fibrovascular bundles in which the phloem and xylem 
masses are arranged side by side. 
Collen'chyma.—Tissue composed of cells thickened at their angles. 
Columel'la.—The end cell wall of an aerial hypha that bulges into the sporan¬ 
gium; also applied to the axis of a capsule. 
Corumn.—The united stamens and carpels in Orchids. 
Co'ma.—A tuft of hairs, as found on the seeds of Milkweeds. 
Com'missure.—The contiguous surfaces of two carpels as in the flowers and 
fruits of the Parsley Family. 
Concen'tric.—Applied to several circles or whorls one within the other. Con¬ 
centric fibrovascular bundles are those in which the xylem mass surrounds 
the phloem mass or vice versa. 
Concep'tacle.—A sac bearing the fruiting organs in certain Algae and Fungi. 
Condu'plicate.—Folded together lengthwise as for example the bud leaves of 
the oak or peach. 
Conid'ia.—Asexual spores cut off from the ends of hyphae or sterigmata by 
Penicillium, Aspergillus, Peronospora, Claviceps, etc. 
Conid'iophore.—A hypha bearing conidia. 
Conjugation.—One of the sexual methods of reproduction where two like sexual 
cells unite to form a zygospore. 
Con'nate.—Applied to parts that have grown together, as the bases of two 
opposite leaves. 
Connect'ive.—The continuation of the filament of the stamen that connects the 
two lobes of the anther. 
Conni'vent.—Brought close together; converging. 
Con'volute.—Rolled lengthwise from one edge as the leaves in the buds of the 
Wild Cherry and Plum. 
Cor'date.—Heart shaped. 
Coria'ceous.—Leathery in texture. 
Coim.—A solid, swollen, fleshy underground stem. 
Corol'la.—The inner whorl of floral envelopes composed of petals. 
