43 2 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
Protog'ynous.—Applied to hermaphrodite flowers in which the carpels are mature 
before the stamens. 
ProthaTlus (Prothal'lium).—A thalloid body bearing antheridia and arche- 
gonia, produced by the germination of a spore of a Pteridophyte into a 
protonema which later undergoes differentiation. 
Protone'ma.—A simple or branched green filament formed by the germination 
of a spore of a moss or fern. 
Protophlo'em.—The first-formed phloem elements in a fibrovascular bundle. 
Pro'toplasm.—Living matter. 
Pro'toplast.—A term applied by Hanstein to the smallest body of protoplasm 
capable of individual action, either with or without a cell-wall, and either 
associated with other like units in a tissue or independent. 
Protoxy'lem.—The first formed elements of xylem in a fibrovascular bundle. 
Prox'imal.—Applied to the basal extremity. The attached end of an organ as 
opposed to the free or distal end. 
Pseudo.—A prefix of Greek origin indicating spurious or false. 
Pseudo-Bulb.—The fleshy bulb-like internode of an epiphytic Orchid. 
Pseu'docarp.—A fruit which represents the product of the ripening of a single 
ovary as well as one or more accessory parts. 
Pseudoparen'chyma.—A tissue consisting of the interlacing and compact 
hyphae of a fungus. 
Puber'ulent.—Covered with a fine, soft hairy coating. 
Pubes'cent.—Covered with soft, short hairs. 
Pulvi'nus.—An enlargement at the base of the petiole or petiolule of some leaves 
or leaflets, as in numerous Leguminosa. 
Punc'tate.—Dotted with small spots or minute pits. 
Pus'tular.—Applied to surfaces having blister- or pimple-like elevations. 
Puta'men.—The stony endocarp of a drupe. 
Pyre'noids.—Small, rounded, colorless, refractile granules embedded in the 
chromatophores of numerous Algae and thought to be starch forming centers. 
Pyx'is.—A capsule which dehisces transversely into pot and lid portions. 
Quad- or Quadri.—A prefix of La tin origin signifying four. 
Quadran'gular.—F our-angled. 
Quadrifo'liate.—Applied to palmate leaves which have four leaflets arising from 
the summit of the petiole. 
Quinquefol'iate.—Applied to any compound leaf that has five leaflets. 
Raceme'.—An indeterminate inflorescence having pedicelled flowers arranged 
along a lengthened axis. 
Rac'emose.—Arranged in racemes. 
Ra'chis.—The extended portion of a peduncle. 
Rad'ical.—Arising from the root or base of the stem. 
Rad'icle.—The rudimentary root of an embryo plantlet. 
