72 
CUMMINGS 
The species would seem to approach nearly V. verrucosa-areolata 
Nyh, but differs markedly in that the perithecium is entire and brown, 
while in the species cited it is dimidiate and black. 
The limits of the genus Verrucaria are very differently placed by 
different authors. Some, as Th. Fries in Lichenes Arctoi, admit only 
such species as have simple colorless spores, while other authors, as 
Professor Tuckerman and Dr. Nylander, recognize great diversity in 
spore types, from simple to muriform-multilocular. Equally diverse 
characters are given for the perithecium, which varies from colorless 
to coal black. 
While this species hardly has the appearance of the more typical 
Verrucarias, in view of these admitted variations it seems best to 
place it here until a thorough revision of these lower forms is made. 
The following additional species of Verrucaria have been reported 
from Alaska or adjacent islands : V. Icevata Ach., V. acrotella Ach., 
V. aurantii Mass., V. sublectissima Nyl., V. chlorotica Ach., V. 
leptaleoides Nyl., on rock, St. Lawrence Island (Nylander) ; V. fal- 
lax Nyl., on branches, St. Lawrence and Port Clarence (Nylander) ; 
V. pyrenophora Ach., V. muralis Ach., forma dolosula Nyl., V. In¬ 
tegra Nyl., V. hymenogo 7 iia Nyl., V. obnigrescens Nyl., V. promi- 
nula Nyl., V. obtenata Nyl., V. exalbida Nyl., V. discedens Nyl., V. 
thelodes Smrft., on rock, Port Clarence (Nylander); V. intercedens , 
on argillaceous schistose rocks, Port Clarence (Nylander) and Cape 
Lisburne (Rothrock) ; V. punctifor 7 nis Ach., on branches, Port 
Clarence (Nylander) ; V. nigrata Nyl., V. pernigrata Nyl., V. bryo- 
spila Nyl., V. bryophila (Loennr.) Nyl., on mossy earth, Port 
Clarence (Nylander) ; V. intermedia , no definite locality (Rothrock) ; 
V. ceuthocarpa Wahl., Fort Alexander, in Bristol Bay (Rothrock). 
James M. Macoun records Verrucaria sp. ( ?) as occurring on rocks, 
St. George Island, one of the Pribilof Islands. Tuckerman, in his 
Genera Lichenum, credits Mr. Wright with having collected V. terres- 
tris (Th. Fr.) Tuck, on earth, at Bering Strait. Dr. Nylander 1 2 seg¬ 
regates the following additional species, based upon material collected 
by Dr. Bean, which formed the basis of Dr. Rothrock’s lists : 2 V. sub- 
umbrina Nyl., on rock, Cape Lisburne; V. maurioides (Schaer.) 
Nyl. and forma conyzoides Nyl., no locality given. 
1 Nylander, Dr. William. Enumeratio Lichenum Freti Behringii. iS8S. 
2 Rothrock, J. T. Lists of and Notes upon the Lichens collected by Dr. T. H. 
Bean in Alaska and the adjacent region in 1880. Proceedings of the United 
States National Museum. 1884. 
