UA&DEN PEAS. 
2 00 
was a cross between Culverwell’s Prolific and Telegraph. 
These various Peas have been sent out by Messrs. Charles 
Sharpe & Co., Messrs. Carter & Co., and Messrs. Hurst & Son. 
Messrs. Sutton & Sons have introduced within the last ten 
years some wonderful improvements in Peas. I find that in 
1841 the principal Peas offered by that house were Blue Prussian, 
Woodfords, and Scimitar. They have been selecting seedling 
Peas with marked success, both for earliness, size, and shape of 
pod. The sorts introduced by them have been May Queen, 
Empress of India, Forcing, and Excelsior, &c. 
I believe the aim of this firm has been to replace the Bound- 
seeded varieties with Peas of dwarf growth, Wrinkled, equally 
early, and producing extra large pods. Of such they have 
introduced Koyal Jubilee, Perfection, Windsor Castle, Late 
Queen, Magnum Bonum Marrowfat (Fig. 61), and Dwarf 
Defiance (Fig. 60). 
To illustrate the extraordinary advance made in Peas within 
the last fifty years, I have inserted figures of two of Messrs. 
Sutton & Sons’ latest introductions (Figs. 60 and 61) and one of 
my own (Fig. 62), in order that they may be compared with the 
Old World Pease figured previously from photographs I have had 
taken for this paper from Gerarde’s “ Herbal ” of the year 1597. 
It may interest my readers to be made aware of the great 
care taken by seed merchants to save stocks of Peas true to 
character. In taking measures to obtain a pure stock of a 
variety, what is known to be a good one is sown, and then, when 
the plants are large enough to show their character, every plant 
not true to the type which displays itself during growth—techni¬ 
cally called a rogue—is most carefully taken out. In this way a 
quantity of seed of the right character is obtained; it is sown a 
second year, the produce is again rogued, and in this thorough 
manner sufficient seed is procured to sow some acres, and so on, 
until enough is obtained to offer the variety to the public. The 
wholesale seed merchants enter into agreements with farmers to 
sow so many acres of Peas, the seed merchant supplying the stock 
seed they have selected with so much care ; and they assist the 
farmer in securing purity of type by sending competent men to 
go over the fields at certain times and remove any plants which 
are untrue to character. 
When the Peas are harvested and threshed out they are sent 
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