388 
JOURNAL OP THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
true of Bismarck Apple. The chief use I make of upright 
Cordons on the Paradise and Quince is to form half-standards, 
a form that has been named ‘ Amateur’s Trees,’ and which 
have been well described in the Gardeners' Chronicle by 
Mr. Waltham. 
The advantage of this form is that the fruit is kept 
well above the ground instead of lodging upon it, as often 
happens with bush trees. It is interesting to see how the 
scions of some varieties of Apple infuse vigour into the Paradise 
stock, and compel it to support a standard tree. 
The Blenheim Orange, Newton Wonder, Smart’s Prince Arthur, 
Beauty of Kent, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, Warner’s King, and 
several other Apples have this effect, whilst Pitmaston Duchess 
and some other Pears similarly affect the Quince stock. 
Fruit should be cultivated and suitably manured as a crop. 
Proper quarters should be set apart for the trees, and tall 
growing vegetables should not be planted between them. 
Apples and Pears on the free stock are better avoided, except 
when they are wanted for ornament or shelter, instead of 
forest trees. If standards are desired they may be raised 
from Cordons on the Paradise stocks, as before described. 
If fruit trees grow too vigorously and bear no fruit, lift 
them and re-plant; or if too big, cut a trench a few feet from 
the stem and prune the roots. This should be done in the 
autumn, half the circle one year and half the next; but old 
trees whose roots have travelled to a distance will not bear this 
treatment. 
It is curious to note how obstinately certain errors with 
respect to fruit are held by the public. For instance, it is 
generally believed that the Bibston Pippin is dying out as an 
old and exhausted variety. Now, in the first place, it is not an 
old variety, for the original tree died only in 1835 ; and, in the 
second, it is not exhausted, for at the present time there are 
more Bibston Pippin trees in a healthy condition than at any 
previous period in my recollection. They may be had in 
thousands on the Paradise stock, perfectly free from canker; but 
if people will plant them on the crab stock in unsuitable soil 
they must take the consequences. There are as many Bibston 
Pippins as ever there were, but there are many more mouths to 
eat them. 
